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arXiv 2402.14868math.OC
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一种用于带三维装载约束的车辆路径问题的分支切割算法

A branch-and-cut algorithm for vehicle routing problems with three-dimensional loading constraints

Felix Tamke, Florian Linß, Leopold Kuttner, Udo Buscher

AI总结:

本文提出一种基于不可行路径消除的分支切割算法,通过增量可行性性质、变体相关提升步骤、约束规划精确装载求解及极值点装箱启发式等方法,显著提升了3L-CVRP的求解性能,并首次证明多个已知启发式解的最优性。

摘要:

本文针对带三维装载约束的容量车辆路径问题(3L-CVRP)及其不同装载问题变体,提出了一种新的基于不可行路径消除的分支切割算法。我们证明,如果装载子问题中启用支撑约束,则原本不可行的路径可以通过增加一个新客户而变得可行,并将此性质称为增量可行性。因此,不同的不可行路径定义适用于不同的3L-CVRP变体,我们引入了几种依赖于变体的提升步骤来加强不可行路径不等式。装载子问题使用灵活的约束规划模型精确求解,以确定路径的可行性或不可行性。实现了一种基于极值点的装箱启发式方法,以减少对精确装载算法的耗时调用。此外,我们集成了一个初始解程序,并周期性地在基于集合划分的启发式中组合记忆化的可行路径以生成新的上界。利用公认的基准实例进行的全面计算研究展示了通过算法增强所取得的显著性能提升。因此,我们不仅首次证明了许多已知最优启发式解的最优性,还为大量实例引入了新的最优解和最佳解。

英文摘要:

This paper presents a new branch-and-cut algorithm based on infeasible path elimination for the three-dimensional loading capacitated vehicle routing problem (3L-CVRP) with different loading problem variants. We show that a previously infeasible route can become feasible by adding a new customer if support constraints are enabled in the loading subproblem and call this the incremental feasibility property. Consequently, different infeasible path definitions apply to different 3L-CVRP variants and we introduce several variant-depending lifting steps to strengthen infeasible path inequalities. The loading subproblem is solved exactly using a flexible constraint programming model to determine the feasibility or infeasibility of a route. An extreme point-based packing heuristic is implemented to reduce time-consuming calls to the exact loading algorithm. Furthermore, we integrate a start solution procedure and periodically combine memoized feasible routes in a set-partitioning-based heuristic to generate new upper bounds. A comprehensive computational study, employing well-known benchmark instances, showcases the significant performance improvements achieved through the algorithmic enhancements. Consequently, we not only prove the optimality of many best-known heuristic solutions for the first time but also introduce new optimal and best solutions for a large number of instances.

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