arXiv 2401.098972024-01-18physics.opticscond-mat.mes-hallphysics.app-phquant-ph

时变介质的热辐射能否用半经典方法描述？

Can thermal emission from time-varying media be described semiclassically?

Iñigo Liberal, J. Enrique Vázquez-Lozano, Antonio Ganfornina-Andrades

AI总结：

本文基于涨落电动力学建立时变介质热辐射的半经典理论并与量子理论对比，证明真空放大贡献需量子描述，同时提出可让经典工具预测该效应的半经典修正。

摘要：

时变介质，即性质随时间动态变化的材料，通过解除能量守恒和互易性所施加的限制，并提供研究非平衡动力学的途径，为热辐射工程开辟了新的可能。此外，人们已预测时变介质中存在真空放大和零温辐射等量子效应，这重新引发了关于热辐射量子本质的争论。本文基于涨落电动力学推导了一种描述时变介质热辐射的半经典理论，并将其与量子理论进行比较。结果表明，要正确捕捉量子真空放大效应的贡献，必须采用量子理论；即使在室温和中红外频率下，这种效应也可能具有重要意义。最后，我们提出了对标准半经典理论的修正，使其能够利用经典工具预测时变介质的热辐射。

英文摘要：

Time-varying media, i.e., materials whose properties dynamically change in time, have opened new possibilities for thermal emission engineering by lifting the limitations imposed by energy conservation and reciprocity, and providing access to nonequilibrium dynamics. In addition, quantum effects, such as vacuum amplification and emission at zero temperature, have been predicted for time-varying media, reopening the debate on the quantum nature of thermal emission. Here, we derive a semiclassical theory to thermal emission from time-varying media based on fluctuational electrodynamics, and compare it to the quantum theory. Our results show that a quantum theory is needed to correctly capture the contribution from quantum vacuum amplifications effects, which can be relevant even at room temperature and mid-infrared frequencies. Finally, we propose corrections to the standard semiclassical theory that enable the prediction of thermal emission from time-varying media with classical tools.

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