低光子数非侵入式成像通过时间变化扩散器
Low Photon Number Non-Invasive Imaging Through Time-Varying Diffusers
AI总结：
本研究提出了一种非侵入式成像方法，通过时间变化的散射层实现低光子数下的稳健图像重建，适用于显微镜、激光雷达和内窥镜等多种应用。
摘要：
光学成像在推动科学和技术进步中起着至关重要的作用，应用于生物医学到天文学的各个领域。然而，通过散射介质如生物组织、雾或湍流大气进行成像仍是一个主要挑战。在这些介质中，光散射和吸收使得成像变得困难；在时间变化的散射体和低光条件下，尚未有相关演示。我们展示了首次非侵入式成像低亮度物体隐藏在动态散射层后的演示，即使在每帧中光子数极低的情况下也能获得稳健的重建。我们通过开发新的数据处理方法实现这一点。在我们的实验中，我们利用能够分辨光子数的相机捕捉一系列帧，每帧平均包含不到一个光子每像素。我们在显微镜中验证了我们的方法，重建了染有标准荧光染料的生物样本图像。除了显微镜外，我们的方法还可应用于激光雷达系统中通过雾进行成像，以及使用多模和多芯光纤的内窥镜。
英文摘要：
Optical imaging plays a crucial role in advancing science and technology, enabling applications in fields ranging from biomedicine to astronomy. However, imaging through scattering media such as biological tissues, fog, or turbulent atmosphere remains a major challenge. Light scattering and absorption in such media make imaging challenging; in the case of time-varying scatterers and low light regime imaging of incoherent objects has not been demonstrated so far. We present the first demonstration of such non-invasive imaging of dim objects hidden behind dynamic scattering layers, obtaining robust reconstruction even at extremely low photon counts per frame. We achieve this by developing a new data-processing approach. In our experiment, we utilize a photon number resolving camera to capture a sequence of frames, containing on average, fewer than one photon per pixel. We validate our approach in microscopy, where we reconstruct images of biological samples stained with standard fluorescent dyes. Beyond microscopy, our approach can be applied in different imaging techniques, such as endoscopy based on multicore fibers or ground-based astronomical observations.
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