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中红外选择潮汐撕裂事件的新族群:对潮汐撕裂事件发生率和宿主星系性质的启示

A New Population of Mid-Infrared-Selected Tidal Disruption Events: Implications for Tidal Disruption Event Rates and Host Galaxy Properties

Megan Masterson, Kishalay De, Christos Panagiotou, Erin Kara, Iair Arcavi, Anna-Christina Eilers, Danielle Frostig, Suvi Gezari, Iuliia Grotova, Zhu Liu, Adam M… 展开作者

Megan Masterson, Kishalay De, Christos Panagiotou, Erin Kara, Iair Arcavi, Anna-Christina Eilers, Danielle Frostig, Suvi Gezari, Iuliia Grotova, Zhu Liu, Adam Malyali, Aaron M. Meisner, Andrea Merloni, Megan Newsome, Arne Rau, Robert A. Simcoe, Sjoert van Velzen

AI总结:

本研究利用NEOWISE中红外数据在约200 Mpc内发现18个遮挡TDE候选体,经筛选得到12个黄金样本,揭示了红外选择TDE新族群,其发生率与光学和X射线相当,且宿主星系性质不同,缓解了观测与理论矛盾。

摘要:

大多数潮汐撕裂事件(TDEs)目前是通过时域光学和软X射线巡天发现的,两者都容易受到显著的遮挡。然而,红外(IR)是探测尘埃包裹环境的有力工具,因此我们最近在约200 Mpc范围内对NEOWISE中红外数据进行了系统搜索,以寻找附近的遮挡TDEs。我们在星系核中识别出18个TDE候选体,使用差分成像技术在显著的宿主星系辐射中揭示核区变率。这些候选体基于以下红外光变曲线性质进行选择:(1) 峰值时 $L_\mathrm{W2}\gtrsim10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$,(2) 快速上升,随后缓慢单调下降,(3) 无显著的前期变率,(4) 在WISE颜色中无活动星系核(AGN)活动证据。这些源中大多数没有可变光学对应体,表明光学巡天确实遗漏了大量遮挡TDEs。利用窄线电离水平和变率论证,我们识别出6个源可能是潜在的AGN,从而在我们的黄金样本中共得到12个TDEs。该黄金样本得出红外选择TDE发生率的下限为 $2.0\pm0.3\times10^{-5}$ galaxy$^{-1}$ year$^{-1}$($1.3\pm0.2\times10^{-7}$ Mpc$^{-3}$ year$^{-1}$),与光学和X射线TDE发生率相当。红外选择TDE宿主星系既未显示绿谷过密区,也未偏好宁静的Balmer强星系,而这两者在光学和X射线TDE样本中均被过度代表。该红外选择样本代表了一个历史上被光学和X射线巡天遗漏的尘埃TDE新族群,有助于缓解观测与理论TDE发生率之间的矛盾以及所谓的能量缺失问题。

英文摘要:

Most tidal disruption events (TDEs) are currently found in time-domain optical and soft X-ray surveys, both of which are prone to significant obscuration. The infrared (IR), however, is a powerful probe of dust-enshrouded environments, and hence, we recently performed a systematic search of NEOWISE mid-IR data for nearby, obscured TDEs within roughly 200 Mpc. We identified 18 TDE candidates in galactic nuclei, using difference imaging to uncover nuclear variability amongst significant host galaxy emission. These candidates were selected based on the following IR light curve properties: (1) $L_\mathrm{W2}\gtrsim10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$ at peak, (2) fast rise, followed by a slow, monotonic decline, (3) no significant prior variability, and (4) no evidence for AGN activity in WISE colors. The majority of these sources showed no variable optical counterpart, suggesting that optical surveys indeed miss numerous obscured TDEs. Using narrow line ionization levels and variability arguments, we identified 6 sources as possible underlying AGN, yielding a total of 12 TDEs in our gold sample. This gold sample yields a lower limit on the IR-selected TDE rate of $2.0\pm0.3\times10^{-5}$ galaxy$^{-1}$ year$^{-1}$ ($1.3\pm0.2\times10^{-7}$ Mpc$^{-3}$ year$^{-1}$), which is comparable to optical and X-ray TDE rates. The IR-selected TDE host galaxies do not show a green valley overdensity nor a preference for quiescent, Balmer strong galaxies, which are both overrepresented in optical and X-ray TDE samples. This IR-selected sample represents a new population of dusty TDEs that have historically been missed by optical and X-ray surveys and helps alleviate tensions between observed and theoretical TDE rates and the so-called missing energy problem.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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