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arXiv 1502.05740astro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEgr-qc
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恒星与大质量黑洞的超近距离相遇:具有快速超吸积的潮汐破坏事件

Ultra-Close Encounters of Stars With Massive Black Holes: Tidal Disruption Events With Prompt Hyperaccretion

Christopher Evans, Pablo Laguna, Michael Eracleous

摘要:

银河系核心的明亮耀斑,随后是亮度的$t^{-5/3}$衰减,通常被认为是大质量黑洞对恒星的完全潮汐破坏的标志。耀斑和幂律衰变是在束缚碎片流返回黑洞、自相交并最终形成吸积盘或环面时产生的。在典型的太阳型恒星被$10^{6}\; M_\odot$黑洞破坏的情况下,恒星的破坏和吸积环的形成之间的时间可能是几年。我们提出了完全广义相对论模拟一类新的潮汐破裂事件,涉及超近距离接触的太阳型恒星与中等质量的黑洞。在这些遭遇中,一个厚厚的磁盘在破坏后迅速形成,以小时为单位。在短暂的初始耀斑之后,在$\sim 10^2\,M_\odot\,{\rm yr}^{-1}$的几天内,吸积率保持稳定和高度超爱丁顿。

英文摘要:

A bright flare from a galactic nucleus followed at late times by a $t^{-5/3}$ decay in luminosity is often considered the signature of the complete tidal disruption of a star by a massive black hole. The flare and power-law decay are produced when the stream of bound debris returns to the black hole, self-intersects, and eventually forms an accretion disk or torus. In the canonical scenario of a solar-type star disrupted by a $10^{6}\; M_\odot$ black hole, the time between the disruption of the star and the formation of the accretion torus could be years. We present fully general relativistic simulations of a new class of tidal disruption events involving ultra-close encounters of solar-type stars with intermediate mass black holes. In these encounters, a thick disk forms promptly after disruption, on timescales of hours. After a brief initial flare, the accretion rate remains steady and highly super-Eddington for a few days at $\sim 10^2\,M_\odot\,{\rm yr}^{-1}$.

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