超大质量黑洞对恒星的部分破坏：光变曲线真的与$t^{-9/4}$成正比吗？
Partial Stellar Disruption by a Supermassive Black Hole: Is the Lightcurve Really Proportional to $t^{-9/4}$?
摘要：
一颗恒星被一个超大质量黑洞潮汐分裂，以及被分裂的碎片随后被那个黑洞吸积，提供了一种直接的方法来研究否则会静止的星系的内部区域。这些潮汐破坏事件（TDEs）正在以不断增加的速度被发现。我们提出了一个模型的潮汐中断碎片从部分TDE的演变，其中一个恒星的核心生存最初的潮汐相遇，并继续施加引力影响的潮汐剥离碎片的扩展流。我们使用这个模型表明，渐近回落率的材料的黑洞在部分TDE规模为$\propto t^{-2.26\pm0.01}$，是有效的独立的质量的核心，生存的遭遇，我们还估计在TDE接近这种渐近缩放的速度作为核心质量的函数。这些发现表明，如果恒星被完全破坏，从TDE到黑洞的晚期吸积速率下降为$t^{-5/3}$，或者如果留下核心，则下降为$t^{-9/4}$。我们强调，以前的调查没有恢复这一结果，由于开普勒的能量周期关系的碎片轨道，这是不再有效时，一个幸存的核心产生的时间依赖性，引力势的假设。在当前的宽场调查时代，回落率的这种二分法对TDE的特征信号具有重要影响。
英文摘要：
The tidal disruption of a star by a supermassive black hole, and the subsequent accretion of the disrupted debris by that black hole, offers a direct means to study the inner regions of otherwise-quiescent galaxies. These tidal disruption events (TDEs) are being discovered at an ever-increasing rate. We present a model for the evolution of the tidally-disrupted debris from a partial TDE, in which a stellar core survives the initial tidal encounter and continues to exert a gravitational influence on the expanding stream of tidally-stripped debris. We use this model to show that the asymptotic fallback rate of material to the black hole in a partial TDE scales as $\propto t^{-2.26\pm0.01}$, and is effectively independent of the mass of the core that survives the encounter; we also estimate the rate at which TDEs approach this asymptotic scaling as a function of the core mass. These findings suggest that the late-time accretion rate onto a black hole from a TDE either declines as $t^{-5/3}$ if the star is completely disrupted or $t^{-9/4}$ if a core is left behind. We emphasize that previous investigations have not recovered this result due to the assumption of a Keplerian energy-period relationship for the debris orbits, which is no longer valid when a surviving core generates a time-dependent, gravitational potential. This dichotomy of fallback rates has important implications for the characteristic signatures of TDEs in the current era of wide-field surveys.
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