We show that if a countably generated Lie algebra $H$ does not contain isomorphic copies of certain finite-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebras $A$ and $B$ (satisfying some mild conditions), then $H$ embeds into a quotient of $A \ast B$ that is at the same time hopfian and cohopfian. This is a Lie algebraic version of an embedding theorem proved by C. Miller and P. Schupp for groups. We also prove that any finitely presentable Lie algebra is the quotient of a finitely presented, centerless, residually nilpotent and SQ-universal Lie algebra of cohomological dimension at most $2$ by an ideal that can be generated by two elements as a Lie subalgebra. This is reminiscent of the Rips construction in group theory. In both results we use the theory of Gröbner-Shirshov bases.
In this paper, we study the averaging operator by assigning a rewriting system to it. We obtain some basic results on the kind of rewriting system we used. In particular, we obtain a sufficient and necessary condition for the confluence. We supply the relationship between rewriting systems and Grobner-Shirshov bases based on bracketed polynomials. As an application, we give a basis of the free unitary averaging algebra on a non-empty set.
In this paper, we establish the Gröbner-Shirshov bases theory for metabelian Lie algebras. As applications, we find the Gröbner-Shirshov bases for partial commutative metabelian Lie algebras related to circuits, trees and some cubes.
In this paper, we generalize the Lyndon-Shirshov words to Lyndon-Shirshov $Ω$-words on a set $X$ and prove that the set of all non-associative Lyndon-Shirshov $Ω$-words forms a linear basis of the free Lie $Ω$-algebra on the set $X$. From this, we establish Gröbner-Shirshov bases theory for Lie $Ω$-algebras. As applications, we give Gröbner-Shirshov bases for free $λ$-Rota-Baxter Lie algebras, free modified $λ$-Rota-Baxter Lie algebras and free Nijenhuis Lie algebras and then linear bases of such three free algebras are obtained.
We review some applications of Gröbner-Shirshov bases, including PBW theorems, linear bases of free universal algebras, normal forms for groups and semigroups, extensions of groups and algebras, embedding of algebras.
In this survey, we formulate the Gröbner-Shirshov bases theory for associative algebras and Lie algebras. Some new Composition-Diamond lemmas and applications are mentioned.
In this paper, we construct free Lie Rota-Baxter superalgebra by using Gröbner-Shirshov bases theory. We firstly construct free operated Lie superalgebras by the operated super-Lyndon-Shirshov monomials. Secondly, we establish Gröbner-Shirshov bases theory for operated Lie superalgebras. Thirdly, we find a Gröbner-Shirshov basis of a free Lie Rota-Baxter superalgebra on a $\mathbb{Z}_2$-graded set. Consequently, we can obtain a linear basis of a free Lie Rota-Baxter superalgebra by the composition-diamond lemma for operated Lie superalgebras.
We establish the Gröbner-Shirshov bases theory for differential Lie $Ω$-algebras. As an application, we give a linear basis of a free differential Lie Rota-Baxter algebra on a set.
In this paper, we obtain respectively some new linear bases of free unitary (modified) weighted differential algebras and free nonunitary (modified) Rota-Baxter algebras, in terms of the method of Gröbner-Shirshov bases.
In this paper we use the operadic framework to find Gröbner-Shirshov bases for the free quadri-algebra. We perform computations using the representation of the nonsymmetric operad by planar rooted trees in a very intuitive way. Gröbner-Shirshov bases for the free dendriform algebra are also found with this technique, simplifying the work by Chen and Wang in 2010.
Quite recently, Bremner et al. introduced a new approach to Rota's Classification Problem and classified some (new) operated polynomial identities. In this paper, we prove that all operated polynomial identities classified by Bremner et al. are Gröbner-Shirshov.
We construct free modules over an associative conformal algebra. We establish Composition-Diamond lemma for associative conformal modules. As applications, Gröbner-Shirshov bases of the Virasoro conformal module and module over the semidirect product of Virasoro conformal algebra and current algebra are given respectively.
We establish Gröbner--Shirshov bases theory for commutative dialgebras. We show that for any ideal $I$ of $Di[X]$, $I$ has a unique reduced Gröbner--Shirshov basis, where $Di[X]$ is the free commutative dialgebra generated by a set $X$, in particular, $I$ has a finite Gröbner--Shirshov basis if $X$ is finite. As applications, we give normal forms of elements of an arbitrary commutative disemigroup, prove that the word problem for finitely presented commutative dialgebras (disemigroups) is solvable, and show that if $X$ is finite, then the problem whether two ideals of $Di[X]$ are identical is …
In the paper, we establish Gröbner-Shirshov bases for semirings and commutative semirings. As applications, we obtain Gröbner-Shirshov bases and A. Blass's (1995) and M. Fiore -T. Leinster's (2004) normal forms of the semirings $\mathbb{N}[x]/(x=1+x+x^2)$ and $\mathbb{N}[x]/(x=1+x^2)$ with one generator $x$ and one defining relation, correspondingly.
In this survey article, we report some new results of Gröbner-Shirshov bases, including new Composition-Diamond lemmas and some applications of some known Composition-Diamond lemmas.
A finite Grobner-Shirshov basis is constructed for the plactic algebra of rank 3 over a field K. It is also shown that plactic algebras of rank exceeding 3 do not have finite Grobner-Shirshov bases associated to the natural degree-lexicographic ordering on the corresponding free algebra. The latter is in contrast with the case of a strongly related class of algebras, called Chinese algebras, recently considered by Chen Yuqun and Qiu Jianjun.
In this paper, we define the Gröbner-Shirshov basis for a dialgebra. The Composition-Diamond lemma for dialgebras is given then. As results, we give Gröbner-Shirshov bases for the universal enveloping algebra of a Leibniz algebra, the bar extension of a dialgebra, the free product of two dialgebras, and Clifford dialgebra. We obtain some normal forms for algebras mentioned the above.
In this paper, by using Composition-Diamond lemma for Lie algebras, we give a Gröbner-Shirshov basis for free partially commutative Lie algebra over a commutative ring with unit. As an application, we obtain a normal form for such a Lie algebra.
In this paper, we elaborate Gröbner-Shirshov bases method for Leibniz (super)algebras. We show that there is a unique reduced Gröbner-Shirshov basis for every (graded) ideal of a free Leibniz (super)algebra. As applications, we construct linear bases of free metabelian Leibniz superalgebras and new linear bases of free metabelian Lie algebras. We present a complete characterization of extensions of a Leibniz (super)algebra by another Leibniz (super)algebra, where the former is presented by generators and relations.
We establish Gröbner-Shirshov bases theory for Gelfand-Dorfman-Novikov algebras over a field of characteristic $0$. As applications, a PBW type theorem in Shirshov form is given and we provide an algorithm for solving the word problem of Gelfand-Dorfman-Novikov algebras with finite homogeneous relations. We also construct a subalgebra of one generated free Gelfand-Dorfman-Novikov algebra which is not free.
We study the relation between Poisson algebras and representations of Lie conformal algebras. We establish a setting for the calculation of a Gröbner--Shirshov basis in a module over an associative conformal algebra and apply this technique to Poisson algebras considered as conformal modules over appropriate associative envelopes of current Lie conformal algebras. As a result, we obtain a setting for the calculation of a Gröbner--Shirshov basis in a Poisson algebra.
In this paper, we give a Gröbner-Shirshov basis of the free dendriform algebra as a quotient algebra of an $L$-algebra. As applications, we obtain a normal form of the free dendriform algebra. Moreover, Hilbert series and Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of finitely generated free dendriform algebras are obtained.
Chen, Fox, Lyndon 1958 \cite{CFL58} and Shirshov 1958 \cite{Sh58} introduced non-associative Lyndon-Shirshov words and proved that they form a linear basis of a free Lie algebra, independently. In this paper we give another approach to definition of Lyndon-Shirshov basis, i.e., we find an anti-commutative Gröbner-Shirshov basis $S$ of a free Lie algebra such that $Irr(S)$ is the set of all non-associative Lyndon-Shirshov words, where $Irr(S)$ is the set of all monomials of $N(X)$, a basis of the free anti-commutative algebra on $X$, not containing maximal monomials of polynomials from $S$. Fol…
In this paper, the Composition-Diamond lemma for commutative algebras with multiple operators is established. As applications, the Gröbner-Shirshov bases and linear bases of free commutative Rota-Baxter algebra, free commutative $λ$-differential algebra and free commutative $λ$-differential Rota-Baxter algebra are given, respectively. Consequently, these three free algebras are constructed directly by commutative $Ω$-words.
An algebra $\cal{R}$ is called an extension of the algebra $M$ by $B$ if $M^2=0$, $M$ is an ideal of $\cal{R}$ and $\cal{R}$$/M\cong B$ as algebras. In this paper, by using the Gröbner-Shirshov bases, we characterize completely the extensions of $M$ by $B$. An algorithm to find the conditions of an algebra $A$ to be an extension of $M$ by $B$ is obtained.
Let $R$ be a ring with identity $1$. Jacobson's lemma states that for any $a,b\in R$, if $1-ab$ is invertible then so is $1-ba$. Jacobson's lemma has suitable analogues for several types of generalized inverses, e.g., Drazin inverse, generalized Drazin inverse, and inner inverse. In this note we give a constructive way via Groebner-Shirshov basis theory to obtain the inverse of $1-ab$ in terms of $(1-ba)^{-1}$, assuming the latter exists.
We establish a universal approach to solution of the word problem in the varieties of di- and tri-algebras. This approach, for example, allows to apply Groebner---Shirshov bases method for Lie algebras to solve the ideal membership problem in free Leibniz algebras (Lie di-algebras). As another application, we prove an analogue of the Poincare---Birkhoff---Witt Theorem for universal enveloping associative tri-algebra of a Lie tri-algebra (CTD^!-algebra).
We present the plactic algebra on an arbitrary alphabet set $A$ by row generators and column generators respectively. We give Gröbner-Shirshov bases for such presentations. In the case of column generators, a finite Gröbner-Shirshov basis is given if $A$ is finite. From the Composition-Diamond lemma for associative algebras, it follows that the set of Young tableaux is a linear basis of plactic algebra. As the result, it gives a new proof that Young tableaux are normal forms of elements of plactic monoid. This result was proved by D.E. Knuth \cite{Knuth} in 1970, see also Chapter 5 in \cite{M.…
Let $\mathfrak{a},\mathfrak{b},\mathfrak{e}$ be algebras over a field $k$. Then $\mathfrak{e}$ is an extension of $\mathfrak{a}$ by $\mathfrak{b}$ if $\mathfrak{a}$ is an ideal of $\mathfrak{e}$ and $\mathfrak{b}$ is isomorphic to the quotient algebra $\mathfrak{e}/\mathfrak{a}$. In this paper, by using Gröbner-Shirshov bases theory for associative (resp. Lie) algebras, we give complete characterizations of associative (resp. Lie) algebra extensions of $\mathfrak{a}$ by $\mathfrak{b}$, where $\mathfrak{b}$ is presented by generators and relations.
In this paper, we establish the Composition-Diamond lemma for associative algebras with multiple linear operators. As applications, we obtain Groebner-Shirshov bases of free Rota-Baxter algebra, $λ$-differential algebra and $λ$-differential Rota-Baxter algebra, respectively. In particular, linear bases of these three free algebras are respectively obtained, which are essentially the same or similar to those obtained by Ebrahimi-Fard and Guo, and Guo and Keigher recently by using other methods.
We give Gröbner-Shirshov bases for Drinfeld-Kohno Lie algebra $\textbf{L}_{n}$ in \cite{[Et]} and Kukin Lie algebra $A_P$ in \cite{Kukin}, where $P$ is a semigroup. As applications, we show that as $\mathbb{Z}$-module $\textbf{L}_{n}$ is free and a $\mathbb{Z}$-basis of $\textbf{L}_{n}$ is given. We give another proof of Kukin Theorem: if semigroup $P$ has the undecidable word problem then the Lie algebra $A_P$ has the same property.
Disuccessors, Gröbner-Shirshov bases and free L-dendriform algebras
Yulin University（榆林学院）；Lanzhou University（兰州大学）；Gansu Provincial Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Mathematics and Statistics（甘肃省数学与统计基础学科研究中心）；Henan University（河南大学）
In this paper, we establish the Composition-Diamond lemma for associative nonunitary Rota-Baxter algebras with weight $λ$. As applications, we obtain a linear basis of a free commutative Rota-Baxter algebra without unity and show that every countably generated Rota-Baxter algebra with weight 0 can be embedded into a two-generated Rota-Baxter algebra.
In this paper we establish a Gröbner-Shirshov bases theory for Lie algebras over commutative rings. As applications we give some new examples of special Lie algebras (those embeddable in associative algebras over the same ring) and non-special Lie algebras (following a suggestion of P.M. Cohn (1963) \cite{Conh}). In particular, Cohn's Lie algebras over the characteristic $p$ are non-special when $p=2,\ 3,\ 5$. We present an algorithm that one can check for any $p$, whether Cohn's Lie algebras is non-special. Also we prove that any finitely or countably generated Lie algebra is embeddable in a …
We study a question which can be roughly stated as follows: Given a (unital or nonunital) algebra $A$ together with a Gröbner-Shirshov basis $G$, consider the free operated algebra $B$ over $A$, such that the operator satisfies some polynomial identities $Φ$ which are Gröbner-Shirshov in the sense of Guo et al., when doesthe union $Φ\cup G$ will be an operated Gröbner-Shirshov basis for $B$? We answer this question in the affirmative under a mild condition in our previous work with Wang. When this condition is satisfied, $Φ\cup G$ is an operated Gröbner-Shirshov basis for $ B$ and as a consequ…
This paper investigates algebraic objects equipped with an operator, such as operated monoids, operated algebras etc. Various free object functors in these operated contexts are explicitly constructed. For operated algebras whose operator satisfies a set $Φ$ of relations (usually called operated polynomial identities (aka. OPIs)), Guo defined free objects, called free $Φ$-algebras, via universal algebra. Free $Φ$-algebras over algebras are studied in details. A mild sufficient condition is found such that $Φ$ together with a Gröbner-Shirshov basis of an algebra $A$ form a Gröbner-Shirshov basi…
We construct a Gröbner-Shirshov basis of the Temperley-Lieb algebra $\mathfrak{T}(d,n)$ of the complex reflection group $G(d,1,n)$, inducing the standard monomials expressed by the generators $\{E_i\}$ of $\mathfrak{T}(d,n)$. This result generalizes the one for the Coxeter group of type $B_n$ in \cite{KimSSLeeDI}. We also give a combinatorial interpretation of the standard monomials of $\mathfrak{T}(d,n)$, relating to the fully commutative elements of the complex reflection group $G(d,1,n)$. In this way, we obtain the dimension formula of $\mathfrak{T}(d,n)$.
As a fundamental notion, the free differential algebra on a set is concretely constructed as the polynomial algebra on the differential variables. Such a construction is not known for the more general notion of the free differential algebra on an algebra, from the left adjoint functor of the forgetful functor from differential algebras to algebras, instead of sets. In this paper we show that generator-relation properties of a base algebra can be extended to the free differential algebra on this base algebra. More precisely, a Gröbner-Shirshov basis property of the base algebra can be extended …
Quite much recent studies has been attracted to the operated algebra since it unifies various notions such as the differential algebra and the Rota-Baxter algebra. An $Ω$-operated algebra is a an (associative) algebra equipped with a set $Ω$ of linear operators which might satisfy certain operator identities such as the Leibniz rule. A free $Ω$-operated algebra $B$ can be generated on an algebra $A$ similar to a free algebra generated on a set. If $A$ has a Gröbner-Shirshov basis $G$ and if the linear operators $Ω$ satisfy a set $Φ$ of operator identities, it is natural to ask when the union $…
In this paper, we propose the concept of an $Ω$-Rota-Baxter system, which is a generalization of a Rota-Baxter system and an $Ω$-Rota-Baxter algebra of weight zero. In the framework of operated algebras, we obtain a linear basis of a free $Ω$-Rota-Baxter system for an extended diassociative semigroup $Ω$, in terms of bracketed words and the method of Gröbner-Shirshov bases. As applications, we introduce the concepts of Rota-Baxter system family algebras and matching Rota-Baxter systems as special cases of $Ω$-Rota-Baxter systems, and construct their free objects. Meanwhile, free $Ω$-Rota-Baxte…
In this paper, we firstly establish Composition-Diamond lemma for $Ω$-algebras. We give a Gröbner-Shirshov basis of the free $L$-algebra as a quotient algebra of a free $Ω$-algebra, and then the normal form of the free $L$-algebra is obtained. We secondly establish Composition-Diamond lemma for $L$-algebras. As applications, we give Gröbner-Shirshov bases of the free dialgebra and the free product of two $L$-algebras, and then we show four embedding theorems of $L$-algebras: 1) Every countably generated $L$-algebra can be embedded into a two-generated $L$-algebra. 2) Every $L$-algebra can be e…
Let $A$ be a brace algebra. This structure implies that $A$ is also a pre-Lie algebra. In this paper, we establish Composition-Diamond lemma for brace algebras. Using this Composition-Diamond lemma we prove that each pre-Lie algebra $L$ can be embedded into a brace algebra $A_L$, i.e., $L$ is a pre-Lie subalgebra of $A_L$ up to isomorphism. We also determine an explicit linear basis for the brace algebra $A_{L}$.
The notion of commutative integro-differential algebra was introduced for the algebraic study of boundary problems for linear ordinary differential equations. Its noncommutative analog achieves a similar purpose for linear systems of such equations. In both cases, free objects are crucial for analyzing the underlying algebraic structures, e.g. of the (matrix) functions. In this paper we apply the method of Gröbner-Shirshov bases to construct the free (noncommutative) integro-differential algebra on a set. The construction is from the free Rota-Baxter algebra on the free differential algebra on…
In this paper, by using Gröbner-Shirshov bases, we show that in the following classes, each (resp. countably generated) algebra can be embedded into a simple (resp. two-generated) algebra: associative differential algebras, associative $Ω$-algebras, associative $λ$-differential algebras. We show that in the following classes, each countably generated algebra over a countable field $k$ can be embedded into a simple two-generated algebra: associative algebras, semigroups, Lie algebras, associative differential algebras, associative $Ω$-algebras, associative $λ$-differential algebras. Also we pro…
In this paper we revisit Rota's Classification Problem on classifying algebraic identities for linear operator. We reformulate Rota's Classification Problem in the contexts of rewriting systems and Gröbner-Shirshov bases, through which Rota's Classification Problem amounts to the classification of operators, given by their defining operator identities, that give convergent rewriting systems or Gröbner-Shirshov bases. Relationship is established between the reformulations in terms of rewriting systems and that of Gröbner-Shirshov bases. We provide an effective condition that gives Gröbner-Shirs…
We prove that if the neutral component in a finitely-generated associative algebra graded by a finite group has a Shirshov base, then so does the whole algebra.
In this survey article, we report some new results of Groebner-Shirshov bases, including new Composition-Diamond lemmas, applications of some known Composition-Diamond lemmas and content of some expository papers.
A long standing problem of Gian-Carlo Rota for associative algebras is the classification of all linear operators that can be defined on them. In the 1970s, there were only a few known operators, for example, the derivative operator, the difference operator, the average operator, and the Rota-Baxter operator. A few more appeared after Rota posed his problem. However, little progress was made to solve this problem in general. In part, this is because the precise meaning of the problem is not so well understood. In this paper, we propose a formulation of the problem using the framework of operat…
In this paper, we establish the Composition-Diamond lemma for right-symmetric algebras. As an application, we give a Gröbner-Shirshov basis for universal enveloping right--symmetric algebra of a Lie algebra.
Differential difference algebras are generalizations of polynomial algebras, quantum planes, and Ore extensions of automorphism type and of derivation type. In this paper, we investigate the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension of a finitely generated module over a differential difference algebra through a computational method: Gröbner-Shirshov basis method. We develop the Gröbner-Shirshov basis theory of differential difference algebras, and of finitely generated modules over differential difference algebras, respectively. Then, via Gröbner-Shirshov bases, we give algorithms for computing the Gelfand-K…
In this paper, by using the Composition-Diamond lemma for non-associative algebras invented by A. I. Shirshov in 1962, we give Gröbner-Shirshov bases for free Pre-Lie algebras and the universal enveloping non-associative algebra of an Akivis algebra, respectively. As applications, we show I.P. Shestakov's result that any Akivis algebra is linear and D. Segal's result that the set of all good words in $X^{**}$ forms a linear basis of the free Pre-Lie algebra $PLie(X)$ generated by the set $X$. For completeness, we give the details of the proof of Shirshov's Composition-Diamond lemma for non-ass…
In this paper we apply the methods of rewriting systems and Gröbner-Shirshov bases to give a unified approach to a class of linear operators on associative algebras. These operators resemble the classic Rota-Baxter operator, and they are called {\it Rota-Baxter type operators}. We characterize a Rota-Baxter type operator by the convergency of a rewriting system associated to the operator. By associating such an operator to a Gröbner-Shirshov basis, we obtain a canonical basis for the free algebras in the category of associative algebras with that operator. This construction include as special …
