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arXiv 2310.09009cs.DScs.DMmath.CO
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同态可重构性的复杂性

The Complexity of Homomorphism Reconstructibility

Jan Böker, Louis Härtel, Nina Runde, Tim Seppelt, Christoph Standke

AI总结:

该论文研究同态可重构性的计算复杂性,证明其是NP^#P困难问题,并探讨了受限情况下的NP困难性及参数化算法。

摘要:

近年来,通过图的同态计数来表示图,催生了同态不可区分性这一优美的理论。此外,同态计数在数据库理论和机器学习中具有广阔的应用前景,在这些领域中,人们希望仅基于图$G$作为从某个固定有限图集到$G$的同态计数的有限向量表示,来回答查询或对图进行分类。我们研究了与这些表示相关的最基本计算问题——同态可重构性问题——的计算复杂性:给定一个有限的图序列和一个对应的自然数向量,判断是否存在一个图$G$,使得该向量恰好是从给定图到$G$的同态计数。我们证明该问题是一个自然的$\mathsf{NP}^{#\mathsf{P}}$-困难问题,当限制在固定数量的有界树宽输入图和固定的自然数输入向量时,它仍然是$\mathsf{NP}$-困难的;或者,当限制在有限的输入图集时,它也是$\mathsf{NP}$-困难的。我们进一步证明,当限制在有限的输入图集,并额外给定图$G$的阶的上界作为输入时,该问题不可能是$\mathsf{NP}$-困难的,除非$\mathsf{P} = \mathsf{NP}$。对于这种情况,我们获得了部分正面结果。我们还研究了该问题的参数化复杂性,并针对给定单个图以及给定多个同阶图且使用子图计数而非同态计数的情况,提供了fpt算法。

英文摘要:

Representing graphs by their homomorphism counts has led to the beautiful theory of homomorphism indistinguishability in recent years. Moreover, homomorphism counts have promising applications in database theory and machine learning, where one would like to answer queries or classify graphs solely based on the representation of a graph $G$ as a finite vector of homomorphism counts from some fixed finite set of graphs to $G$. We study the computational complexity of the arguably most fundamental computational problem associated to these representations, the homomorphism reconstructability problem: given a finite sequence of graphs and a corresponding vector of natural numbers, decide whether there exists a graph $G$ that realises the given vector as the homomorphism counts from the given graphs. We show that this problem yields a natural example of an $\mathsf{NP}^{#\mathsf{P}}$-hard problem, which still can be $\mathsf{NP}$-hard when restricted to a fixed number of input graphs of bounded treewidth and a fixed input vector of natural numbers, or alternatively, when restricted to a finite input set of graphs. We further show that, when restricted to a finite input set of graphs and given an upper bound on the order of the graph $G$ as additional input, the problem cannot be $\mathsf{NP}$-hard unless $\mathsf{P} = \mathsf{NP}$. For this regime, we obtain partial positive results. We also investigate the problem's parameterised complexity and provide fpt-algorithms for the case that a single graph is given and that multiple graphs of the same order with subgraph instead of homomorphism counts are given.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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