自反多部旅游最小费用同态问题的复杂性
On the Complexity of the Minimum Cost Homomorphism Problem for Reflexive Multipartite Tournaments
摘要：
对于有向图$D$和$H$，如果$uv\in A(D)$蕴涵$f(u)f(v)\in A(H).$，则映射$f: V(D)\dom V(H)$是$D$到$H$的同态。对于固定有向图$H$，同态问题是判定输入有向图$D$是否允许与$H$同态，记为HOMP（$H$）。有向图允许有环，但不允许有平行弧。同态问题的自然优化版本定义如下。如果每个顶点$u \in V(D)$与成本$c_i(u), i \in V(H)$相关联，则同态$f$的成本是$\sum_{u\in V(D)}c_{f(u)}(u)$。对于每一个固定有向图$H$，我们有{ \em最小成本同态问题} $H$，并将其表示为MinHOMP（$H$）。问题是对一个代价为$c_i(u),$ $u \in V(D), i\in V(H)$的输入图$D$，判定是否存在一个从$D$到$H$的同态，如果存在，则找出一个最小代价的同态.在最近的一篇论文中，我们提出了一个问题的特征多项式时间可解和NP-困难的情况下的最小成本同态问题的无环多部竞赛可能的循环（w.p.l.）。本文解决了自反多部竞赛图的问题，并证明了这类多部竞赛图w.p.l.问题的一个较好的困难性。使用4阶W.P.L.的非循环3部竞赛图作为例子。\footnote{This paper was submitted to Discrete Mathematics on April 6, 2007}
英文摘要：
For digraphs $D$ and $H$, a mapping $f: V(D)\dom V(H)$ is a homomorphism of $D$ to $H$ if $uv\in A(D)$ implies $f(u)f(v)\in A(H).$ For a fixed digraph $H$, the homomorphism problem is to decide whether an input digraph $D$ admits a homomorphism to $H$ or not, and is denoted as HOMP($H$). Digraphs are allowed to have loops, but not allowed to have parallel arcs. A natural optimization version of the homomorphism problem is defined as follows. If each vertex $u \in V(D)$ is associated with costs $c_i(u), i \in V(H)$, then the cost of the homomorphism $f$ is $\sum_{u\in V(D)}c_{f(u)}(u)$. For each fixed digraph $H$, we have the {\em minimum cost homomorphism problem for} $H$ and denote it as MinHOMP($H$). The problem is to decide, for an input graph $D$ with costs $c_i(u),$ $u \in V(D), i\in V(H)$, whether there exists a homomorphism of $D$ to $H$ and, if one exists, to find one of minimum cost. In a recent paper, we posed a problem of characterizing polynomial time solvable and NP-hard cases of the minimum cost homomorphism problem for acyclic multipartite tournaments with possible loops (w.p.l.). In this paper, we solve the problem for reflexive multipartite tournaments and demonstrate a considerate difficulty of the problem for the whole class of multipartite tournaments w.p.l. using, as an example, acyclic 3-partite tournaments of order 4 w.p.l.\footnote{This paper was submitted to Discrete Mathematics on April 6, 2007}
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