Grid-connected hybrid renewable power systems with energy storage can reduce the intermittency of renewable power supply. However, emerging energy storage technologies need improvement to compete with lithium-ion batteries and reduce the cost of energy. Identifying and optimizing the the most valuable improvement path of these technologies is challenging due to the non-linearity of the energy system model when considering parameters as independent variables. To overcome this, a novel investment-based optimization method is proposed. The method involves linear optimization of the hybrid renewable energy system and subsequent investment optimization, accounting for diminishing improvements per investment. Applied to thermal energy, pumped thermal energy, molten salt, and adiabatic compressed air energy storage technologies, the results show that enhancing discharge efficiency is most valuable for all technologies. Reducing discharge capacity costs and energy storage capacity cost can also become important. Charge capacity cost and charge efficiency are found to be of lesser significance. The study provides detailed improvement pathways for each technology under various operational conditions, assisting developers in resource allocation. Overall, the investment-based optimization method and findings contribute to enhancing the competitiveness of emerging energy storage technologies and reducing reliance on batteries in renewable energy systems.
This paper studies the duopoly competition between renewable energy suppliers with or without energy storage in a local energy market. The storage investment brings the benefits of stabilizing renewable energy suppliers' outputs, but it also leads to substantial investment costs as well as some surprising changes in the market outcome. To study the equilibrium decisions of storage investment in the renewable energy suppliers' competition, we model the interactions between suppliers and consumers using a three-stage game-theoretic model. In Stage I, at the beginning of the investment horizon, s…
Integrating renewable energy production into the electricity grid is an important policy goal to address climate change. However, such an integration faces economic and technological challenges. As power generation by renewable sources increases, power transmission patterns over the electric grid change. Due to physical laws, these new transmission patterns lead to non-intuitive grid congestion externalities. We derive the conditions under which negative network externalities due to power trades occur. Calibration using a stylized framework and data from Europe shows that each additional unit …
The Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration was an electricity grid modernization project conducted in the Northwest U.S. This paper presents the analysis of renewable generation at the Renewable Energy Park located in the City of Ellensburg, WA. The community energy park concept is an intriguing model for community investment in renewable resources,but the lessons in this paper should be considered.
Planning the defossilization of energy systems by facilitating high penetration of renewables and maintaining access to abundant and affordable primary energy resources is a nontrivial multi-objective problem. However, so far, most long-term policies to decrease the carbon footprint of our societies consider the cost of the system as the leading indicator in the energy system models. This paper is the first to develop a novel approach by adding the energy return on investment (EROI) to a whole energy system optimization model. We built the database with all EROI technologies and resources cons…
Models for long-term investment planning of the power system typically return a single optimal solution per set of cost assumptions. However, typically there are many near-optimal alternatives that stand out due to other attractive properties like social acceptance. Understanding features that persist across many cost-efficient alternatives enhances policy advice and acknowledges structural model uncertainties. We apply the modeling-to-generate-alternatives (MGA) methodology to systematically explore the near-optimal feasible space of a completely renewable European electricity system model. W…
The preventative strategies for $N-1$ network security dominant in European networks mean that network capacity is kept free in case a line fails. If instead fast corrective actions are used to overcome network overloading when single lines fail, this has the potential to free up network capacity that is otherwise underused in preventive $N-1$ security strategies. In this paper, we investigate the impact on renewable integration of a corrective network security strategy, whereby storage or other flexibility assets are used to correct overloading shortly after line outages. In this way, we find…
This paper presents an analysis of the stability and quality of the distributed generation planning problem's investment solution. The entry of distributed generators power based on non-conventional energy sources has been extensively promoted in distribution grids. In this paper, a two-stage stochastic programming model is used to find the optimal distributed generators' installed capacities. We emphasize the design of scenarios to represent the stochasticity of power production on renewable sources. In the scenario generation, a method is proposed based on the clustering of real measurements…
Small privately-purchased off-grid renewable energy systems (RESs) are increasingly used for energy generation in remote areas. However, such privately-purchased stand-alone RESs are often unaffordable for households with lower incomes. While considerable attention has been devoted to a range of off-grid microgrid sizing methods, leveraging the potential of data-driven, artificial intelligence-based metaheuristic optimisation algorithms is less well-explored. Importantly, data-driven metaheuristics have the potential to produce the nearest solution to the globally optimum solution in microgrid…
Owing to the potential higher energy supply efficiency and operation flexibility, integrated energy system (IES), which usually includes electric power, gas and heating/cooling systems, is considered as one of the primary forms of energy carrier in the future. However, with the increasing complexity of multiple energy devices and systems integration, IES planning is facing a significant challenge in terms of risk assessment. To this end, an energy hub (EH) planning model considering renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage system (ESS) integration is proposed in this paper, in which t…
Stochastic Capacity Accreditation: Incentivizing Resource Adequacy under Weather Uncertainty
University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；GERAD HEC Montréal（GERAD HEC蒙特利尔）；Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院能源与环境政策研究中心）；MIT Energy Initiative（麻省理工学院能源倡议）；Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院信息与决策系统实验室）
This paper studies the economics of carbon-neutral synthetic fuel production from renewable electricity in remote areas where high-quality renewable resources are abundant. To this end, a graph-based optimisation modelling framework directly applicable to the strategic planning of remote renewable energy supply chains is proposed. More precisely, a hypergraph abstraction of planning problems is introduced, wherein nodes can be viewed as optimisation subproblems with their own parameters, variables, constraints and local objective. Nodes typically represent a subsystem such as a technology, a p…
Local electricity markets represent a way of supplementing traditional retailing contracts for end consumers -- among these markets, the renewable energy community has gained momentum over the last few years. This paper proposes a practical and readily to be adopted modelling solution for these communities, one that allows their members to share the economic benefits derived from them. The proposed solution relies on an \emph{ex-post} allocation of the electricity that is generated within energy communities (i.e., local electricity) based on the optimisation of \emph{repartition keys}. Reparti…
Renewable energy is increasingly being curtailed, due to oversupply or network constraints. Curtailment can be partially avoided by smart grid management, but the long term solution is network reinforcement. Network upgrades, however, can be costly, so recent interest has focused on incentivising private investors to participate in network investments. In this paper, we study settings where a private renewable investor constructs a power line, but also provides access to other generators that pay a transmission fee. The decisions on optimal (and interdependent) renewable capacities built by in…
Interest in sustainability has increased the share of variable renewable energy sources (VRES) in power generation. Energy storage systems' potential to mitigate intermittencies from non-dispatchable VRES has enhanced their appeal. However, the impacts of storage vary based on the owner and market conditions. We examine the policy implications of investments in utility-scale battery storage via a bi-level optimization model. The lower level depicts power system operations, modeled as either perfect competition or Cournot oligopoly to allow for the assessment of producer market power. The upper…
The total electricity consumption from offshore oil/gas platforms is around 16 TWh worldwide in 2019. The majority offshore platforms are powered by the diesel generators while the rest mainly uses gas turbines, which emits large amounts of CO2 per year. The fast development of offshore wind turbines (WT) can potentially replace traditional fossil fuel based resources to power offshore loads. Thus, a novel offshore hybrid renewable energy sources (OHRES) system is proposed to enable a zero CO2 emission offshore platform mitigating climate change. Battery energy storage system (BESS) and hydrog…
Decarbonization of the electricity sector is one of the major measures in slowing down the pace of climate change. In this paper, we analyze the impacts of energy storage systems (ESS) and interannual uncertainty of variable renewable energy (VRE) on power system decarbonization in 2050. We perform capacity expansion optimization based on technology cost projections and CO2 emission restrictions using 11 years of VRE and load data in Italy's power system, with a particular focus on the role of ESS and its duration. We also explore capacity expansion optimization based on multiple-year vs. sing…
Comparing Socially-Equitable Renewable Energy Budget Allocation MDP Policies in Mature and Emerging Economies
Management \& Technology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA；Systems Engineering Institute Technology of Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Surabaya, Indonesia；Systems Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum
The increasing penetration of renewable energy poses significant challenges to power grid reliability. There have been increasing interests in utilizing financial tools, such as insurance, to help end-users hedge the potential risk of lost load due to renewable energy variability. With insurance, a user pays a premium fee to the utility, so that he will get compensated in case his demand is not fully satisfied. A proper insurance design needs to resolve the following two challenges: (i) users' reliability preference is private information; and (ii) the insurance design is tightly coupled with …
The imminent advent of large-scale green hydrogen (H2) production raises the central question of which of the two options, transporting "green" molecules, or transporting "green" electrons, is the most cost-effective one. This paper proposes a first-of-its-kind mathematical framework for the optimal integrated planning of electricity and H2 infrastructure for transporting large-scale variable renewable energy (VRE). In contrast to most existing works, this work incorporates essential nonlinearities such as voltage drops due to losses in high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) and high-voltage …
As the proportion of variable inverter-based renewable energy generation in electricity systems increases from a minority to the majority of total supply, the complexity and cost of providing ancillary system services increases in parallel. Australia is experiencing this shift now - from having the third most carbon-intensive electricity sector in the world in 2010, to now having penetrations of variable renewable energy (VRE) regularly reaching 100 percent in some regions, with world-leading uptake of distributed energy resources (DER). This paper presents pioneering work exploring new techni…
The sustained future growth of renewable energy in the distribution network is governed by its financial viability. The recent subsidies in Flanders for photovoltaic (PV) and battery are used to calculate the payback period on prosumer investment in residential PV, battery and inverter installations. Realistic scenario of PV, battery and inverter are created based on the market catalogue of one manufacturer per product. Using these scenarios, one-year simulations for a residential prosumer are conducted in a rolling horizon. Luminus, an energy service provider in Limburg, time-of-use and feed-…
The interdependency of power systems and natural gas systems is being reinforced by the emerging power-to-gas facilities (PtGs), and the existing gas-fired generators. To jointly improve the efficiency and security under diverse uncertainties from renewable energy resources and load demands, it is essential to co-optimise these two energy systems for day-ahead market clearance. In this paper, a data-driven integrated electricity-gas system stochastic co-optimisation model is proposed. The model is accurately approximated by sequential mixed integer second-order cone programming, which can then…
This paper presents a comparative evaluation of central and self-dispatch management concepts for battery energy storage (BES) facilities in island power systems with a high renewable energy source (RES) penetration. BES facilities deployed to support the integration of additional wind capacity can be either centrally dispatched by the island System Operator or they can be self-dispatched within a Virtual Power Plant entity comprising renewables and storage, called a Hybrid Power Station (HPS). To explore the anticipated benefits of each BES management paradigm, annual simulations are performe…
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；State Grid Corporation of China（国家电网有限公司）；National Power Dispatching and Control Center（国家电力调度控制中心）；China Electric Power Research Institute（中国电力科学研究院）
The growing renewable energy sources have posed significant challenges to traditional power scheduling. It is difficult for operators to obtain accurate day-ahead forecasts of renewable generation, thereby requiring the future scheduling system to make real-time scheduling decisions aligning with ultra-short-term forecasts. Restricted by the computation speed, traditional optimization-based methods can not solve this problem. Recent developments in reinforcement learning (RL) have demonstrated the potential to solve this challenge. However, the existing RL methods are inadequate in terms of co…
Electricity network modelling and grid simulations form a key enabling element for the integration of newer and cleaner technologies such as renewable energy generation and electric vehicles into the existing grid and energy system infrastructure. This paper reviews the models of the African electricity systems and highlights the gaps in the open model landscape. Using PyPSA (an open Power System Analysis package), the paper outlines the pathway to a fully open model and data to increase the transparency in the African electricity system planning. Optimisation and modelling can reveal viable p…
