This paper develops a simulation-based framework for evaluating the energy implications of quantum and classical computing firms competing in a market with limited energy resources. We model providers as differentiated Cournot competitors whose feasible service capacity is induced by technology-specific energy scaling laws: polylogarithmic for quantum algorithms that achieve an equivalent computational target and polynomial for classical emulation. For symmetric groups of quantum and classical firms, the equilibrium reduces to a tractable two-equation system that supports large scenario sweeps over market size, technology mix, and hardware coefficients. We characterize the capacity-constrained Nash equilibrium, prove the existence of a demand scale beyond which quantum service becomes more energy efficient, and report numerical experiments calibrated to trapped-ion and Rydberg platforms. The results identify when quantum energy advantage is only asymptotic and when it becomes operationally relevant.
No advantage from classical assistance for energy-constrained bosonic dephasing channels
Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo（量子计算研究所与物理和天文学系，滑铁卢大学）；Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo（量子计算研究所与应用数学系，滑铁卢大学）
Collective Dynamics in Spin Chains with Constrained Dissipation: Classically Fragile but Quantum Robust
Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna（维也纳大学物理学院）；Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento（特伦托大学物理系、CNR-INO及皮塔耶夫斯基玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中心）；INFN-TIFPA, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications（基础与应用物理学特伦托研究所 (TIFPA)）；Institut für Theoretische Physik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Tübingen（蒂宾根大学理论物理系及集成量子科学与技术中心 (IQST)）；School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学物理与天文学学院）；Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学量子非平衡系统数学与理论物理中心）
