自旋链中受约束耗散的集体动力学：经典脆弱但量子鲁棒

中文摘要 AI 辅助

多体系统中的集体非平衡现象强烈受到涨落的影响，尤其是在相变附近，经典效应与量子效应的相互作用可以改变合作行为。在此，我们研究了动力学约束自旋链——耗散远东模型——中的这种经典-量子竞争。在没有涨落的情况下，系统表现出涌现的集体动力学，导致相共存。我们发现，这一现象对量子涨落是鲁棒的，量子涨落进一步稳定了它，而经典涨落在长时间尺度上抑制了相共存。我们使用团簇平均场方法描绘了稳态相图，并用随机张量网络方法刻画了动力学。在双稳相内，我们在局域磁化和纠缠动力学中都识别出动力学异质性的特征。这突显了竞争的量子涨落和经典动力学约束如何塑造多体系统的弛豫动力学和相结构。

英文摘要

Collective non-equilibrium phenomena in many-body systems are strongly influenced by fluctuations, particularly in the vicinity of phase transitions, where the interplay between classical and quantum effects can alter cooperative behavior. Here, we investigate this classical-quantum competition in a kinetically constrained spin chain, the dissipative far-East model. In absence of fluctuations, the system exhibits emergent collective dynamics, resulting in phase coexistence. We find that this phenomenon is robust to quantum fluctuations, which further stabilize it, whereas classical fluctuations suppress phase coexistence at long times. We map out the steady-state phase diagram using a cluster mean-field approach and characterize the dynamics with stochastic tensor-network methods. Within the bistable phase we identify signatures of dynamical heterogeneity in both the local magnetization and the entanglement dynamics. This highlights how competing quantum fluctuations and classical kinetic constraints shape the relaxation dynamics and the phase structure of many-body systems.

发表机构

• Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna（维也纳大学物理学院）
• Pitaevskii BEC Center, CNR-INO and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento（特伦托大学物理系、CNR-INO及皮塔耶夫斯基玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中心）
• INFN-TIFPA, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications（基础与应用物理学特伦托研究所 (TIFPA)）
• Institut für Theoretische Physik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Tübingen（蒂宾根大学理论物理系及集成量子科学与技术中心 (IQST)）
• School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学物理与天文学学院）
• Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems, University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学量子非平衡系统数学与理论物理中心）

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