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arXiv 2306.02494astro-ph.GA
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使用一种新的经验关系与现有理论关系推导的类星体吸积率的比较检验:对黑洞性质与增长的洞察

Comparative tests of accretion rates of quasars derived using a new empirical and an existing theoretical relation: Insights into black hole properties and growth

Yash Aggarwal

AI总结:

本文提出无强假设的类星体吸积率经验关系,并与薄盘理论关系比较,表明其更符合观测并揭示黑洞质量、红移、辐射效率与增长之间的联系。

摘要:

一种基于薄盘吸积理论的标度关系已被一些研究者用于确定20个高红移(z)类星体和80个Palomar-Green类星体上的质量内流率。基于若干假设,该关系令人费解地意味着内流率是黑洞(BH)质量Mbh的反函数。此外,其结果仍未得到检验。本文利用59个最高红移类星体的可用数据以及所谓的Salpeter关系,提出了一种基本不依赖假设的简单经验关系。我们发现吸积率正比于Mbh(1+z)^3,这与传统天体物理学相符,即吸积率同时是Mbh和周围气体密度的正函数。我们将其应用于20个高红移类星体和一部分Palomar-Green类星体。比较分析表明,所有由经验方法得到的吸积率和辐射效率均通过检验,而其理论对应结果在大多数情况下均未通过。一个次级关系将Eddington比定义为z和辐射效率的函数。与这些经验关系一致,对Kozlowski所提供的132,000个位于z<2.4的类星体数据进行的样条回归分析表明,Eddington比和辐射效率都是Mbh与z的函数。结果显示,较大的黑洞比较小的黑洞吸积效率更高。对于质量超过十亿倍太阳质量的黑洞,我们在z>5.7时得到约0.23的辐射效率,在z<0.005时得到约0.84的辐射效率。值得注意的是,这些经验关系预测M87中黑洞上的质量内流率为0.11–0.21太阳质量/年,这与其利用观测密度和温度剖面确定的Bondi吸积率相匹配。

英文摘要:

A scaling relation based on thin-disc accretion theory has been used by some workers to determine the mass-inflow rate onto 20 high-redshift (z) and 80 Palomar-Green quasars. Based on several assumptions, it inexplicably implies that the inflow rate is an inverse function of black-hole (BH) mass Mbh. Moreover, its results remain untested. This paper offers a simple empirical relation essentially free of assumptions, found using available data for 59 highest-z quasars and the so-called Salpeter relation. We find that the accretion rate is proportional to Mbh(1+z)3, consistent with conventional astrophysics that the accretion rate is a direct function of both Mbh and the ambient gas density. We apply it to the 20 high-z and a subset of Palomar-Green quasars. Comparative analyses show that all empirically derived accretion rates and radiative efficiencies pass the tests, but their theoretical counterparts fail in most cases. A secondary relation defines the Eddington ratio as a function of z and radiative efficiency. Consistent with the empirical relations, spline regression analysis of Kozlowski's data for 132,000 quasars at z<2.4 shows that both the Eddington ratio and radiative efficiency are functions of Mbh and z. The results show that bigger BHs accrete more efficiently the smaller ones. For BHs > a billion solar masses, we get radiative efficiency of ~0.23 at z>5.7 and ~0.84 at z<0.005. Notably, the empirical relations predict a mass-inflow rate of 0.11-0,21 solar mass/year on to the BH in M87 that matches its Bondi accretion rate determined using observed density and temperature profiles.

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