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arXiv 1909.07582astro-ph.GA
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类星体中的快速内流直接供给黑洞吸积盘

Fast Inflow Directly Feeding Black Hole Accretion Disk in Quasars

Hongyan Zhou, Xiheng Shi, Weimin Yuan, Lei Hao, Xiangjun Chen, Jian Ge, Tuo Ji, Peng Jiang, Ge Li, Bifang Liu, Guilin Liu, Wenjuan Liu, Honglin Lu, Xiang Pan, J… 展开作者

Hongyan Zhou, Xiheng Shi, Weimin Yuan, Lei Hao, Xiangjun Chen, Jian Ge, Tuo Ji, Peng Jiang, Ge Li, Bifang Liu, Guilin Liu, Wenjuan Liu, Honglin Lu, Xiang Pan, Juntai Shen, Xinwen Shu, Luming Sun, Qiguo Tian, Huiyuan Wang, Tinggui Wang, Shengmiao Wu, Chenwei Yang, Shaohua Zhang, Zhihao Zhong

摘要:

类星体是高光度的活动星系核,被认为是由星际物质吸积到其中的超大质量黑洞(SMBH)上而提供动力的。观测到的大部分能量都释放在围绕SMBH的吸入气体的吸积盘中。预计将有大量燃料材料向内运输。然而,关于吸积盘是否以及如何被供给外部气体的基本问题仍然没有答案,因为迄今为止还没有清楚地观察到供给吸积盘的流入。在这里,我们报告的发现高度红移宽吸收线所产生的中性氢和氦原子在一个小样本的类星体。它们的吸收槽显示出从零开始连续向内延伸到高达$\sim 5,000$ km s $^{-1}$的宽范围的多普勒速度。因此,我们看到冷气流以径向向内的速度分量移动,跨越巨大的梯度-中央SMBH的重力加速度的结果。对原型天体SDSS J103516.20+142200.6的广泛的光电离建模表明,流入的气体是致密的、厚的和适度电离的,到SMBH的特征距离为$\sim 1,000$引力半径,可能与外部吸积盘重叠或接近。我们的研究结果提出了第一个令人信服的证据,证明长期寻求的流入直接喂养类星体的吸积盘与外部材料,可能来自尘埃环在秒差距尺度。我们的方法提供了一种新的工具来探测类星体中迄今为止难以捉摸的燃料流入。他们的研究可能有助于解决有关吸积物理,类星体活动的开始和维持以及大多数星系中心SMBH增长的一些基本问题。

英文摘要:

Quasars are high-luminosity active galactic nuclei believed to be powered by accretion of interstellar matter onto a super-massive black hole (SMBH) therein. Most of the observed energy is released in an accretion disk of inspiralling gas surrounding the SMBH. An enormous amount of fueling material is expected to be transported inwards. However, basic questions remain unanswered as to whether and how the accretion disks are supplied with external gas, since no disk-feeding inflow has hitherto been observed clearly. Here we report the discovery of highly redshifted broad absorption lines arising from neutral hydrogen and helium atoms in a small sample of quasars. Their absorption troughs show a broad range of Doppler velocities from zero extending continuously inward up to as high as $\sim 5,000$ km s$^{-1}$. We thus see through streams of cold gas moving with a radially inward velocity component that spans an immense gradient---a result of gravitational acceleration by the central SMBH. Extensive photo-ionization modeling for the archetypical object SDSS J103516.20+142200.6 indicates the inflowing gas to be dense, thick and moderately ionized, with a characteristic distance to the SMBH of $\sim 1,000$ gravitational radii, possibly overlapping or close to the outer accretion disk. Our results present the first compelling evidence for the long-sought inflow directly feeding quasars' accretion disks with external materials, likely originating from the dusty torus at a parsec scale. Our approach provides a new tool to probe the bulk of the so far elusive fueling inflows in quasars. Their studies may help address some of the fundamental questions concerning accretion physics, the onset and sustainment of quasar activity, and the SMBH growth at centers of most galaxies.

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