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arXiv 2305.04549astro-ph.EP
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原行星盘中嵌入的巨行星引起的三维尘埃搅动

Three-Dimensional Dust Stirring by a Giant Planet Embedded in a Protoplanetary Disk

Fabian Binkert, Judit Szulágyi, Til Birnstiel

AI总结:

本研究通过3D双流体模拟和动量守恒湍流扩散模型,探讨原行星盘中木星质量行星引力扰动与湍流脉动对三维尘埃形态及合成ALMA观测的影响,发现行星引发大尺度尘埃流动结构且湍流扩散效应在盘边缘可观测。

摘要:

嵌入气态原行星盘中的固体颗粒运动受湍流脉动影响。因此,中等至弱耦合固体的动力学可能与气体动力学显著不同。此外,嵌入行星的引力扰动会进一步影响固体动力学。本研究探讨了原行星盘中湍流脉动与行星尘埃搅动对三维尘埃形态及合成ALMA连续观测的综合影响。我们进行了3D辐射双流体(气体+1毫米尘埃)流体动力学模拟,显式建模了木星质量行星的引力扰动。我们推导出一种新的动量守恒湍流扩散模型,该模型向无压尘埃流体引入湍流压力,以捕捉尘埃的湍流输运。该模型隐式捕捉了轨道振荡效应,并重现了理论上预测的垂直沉降-扩散平衡。我们发现木星质量行星在毫米级尘埃中产生独特且大尺度的三维流动结构,这些结构在空间上变化剧烈。我们通过局部测量有效垂直扩散率(等效alpha)来量化这些效应,发现方位角平均值在$\delta_\mathrm{eff}\sim5\cdot 10^{-3} - 2\cdot 10^{-2}$范围内,局部峰值高达$\delta_\mathrm{eff}\sim3\cdot 10^{-1}$。在倾斜盘的合成ALMA连续观测中,我们发现湍流扩散的效应是可观测的,特别是在盘边缘,而行星尘埃搅动的效应则可在侧向观测中看到。

英文摘要:

The motion of solid particles embedded in gaseous protoplanetary disks is influenced by turbulent fluctuations. Consequently, the dynamics of moderately to weakly coupled solids can be distinctly different from the dynamics of the gas. Additionally, gravitational perturbations from an embedded planet can further impact the dynamics of solids. In this work, we investigate the combined effects of turbulent fluctuations and planetary dust stirring in a protoplanetary disk on three-dimensional dust morphology and on synthetic ALMA continuum observations. We carry out 3D radiative two-fluid (gas+1-mm-dust) hydrodynamic simulations in which we explicitly model the gravitational perturbation of a Jupiter-mass planet. We derived a new momentum-conserving turbulent diffusion model that introduces a turbulent pressure to the pressureless dust fluid to capture the turbulent transport of dust. The model implicitly captures the effects of orbital oscillations and reproduces the theoretically predicted vertical settling-diffusion equilibrium. We find a Jupiter-mass planet to produce distinct and large-scale three-dimensional flow structures in the mm-size dust, which vary strongly in space. We quantify these effects by locally measuring an effective vertical diffusivity (equivalent alpha) and find azimuthally averaged values in a range $δ_\mathrm{eff}\sim5\cdot 10^{-3} - 2\cdot 10^{-2}$ and local peaks at values of up to $δ_\mathrm{eff}\sim3\cdot 10^{-1}$. In synthetic ALMA continuum observations of inclined disks, we find effects of turbulent diffusion to be observable, especially at disk edges, and effects of planetary dust stirring in edge-on observations.

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