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arXiv 2108.10486astro-ph.EP
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MRI湍流外原行星盘中的尘埃沉降和聚团

Dust Settling and Clumping in MRI Turbulent Outer Protoplanetary Disks

Ziyan Xu, Xue-Ning Bai

摘要:

星子的形成是行星形成中一个关键但知之甚少的过程。人们普遍认为,星子的形成是尘埃通过流动不稳定性(SI)聚集的结果。然而,最近的分析和数值研究表明,SI可以阻尼或抑制外部湍流,至少原行星盘的外部区域可能是弱湍流由于磁旋转不稳定性(MRI)。我们进行高分辨率的局部剪切盒模拟混合粒子-气体磁流体动力学(MHD),将双极扩散作为主要的非理想MHD效应,适用于外盘区域。我们首先表明,尘埃反作用增强尘埃沉降向中平面减少湍流相关时间。在中等水平的MRI湍流,我们发现,灰尘结块实际上是更容易比传统的SI的情况下,在这个意义上的固体丰度的阈值结块是较低的。尘埃聚集的关键是尘埃的反作用和局部压力极大值的存在,在我们的工作中,这是由MRI纬向流克服背景压力梯度形成的。总体而言,我们的研究结果支持星子形成的MRI湍流外原行星盘,特别是在环状的子结构。

英文摘要:

Planetesimal formation is a crucial yet poorly understood process in planet formation. It is widely believed that planetesimal formation is the outcome of dust clumping by the streaming instability (SI). However, recent analytical and numerical studies have shown that the SI can be damped or suppressed by external turbulence, and at least the outer regions of protoplanetary disks are likely weakly turbulent due to magneto-rotational instability (MRI). We conduct high-resolution local shearing-box simulations of hybrid particle-gas magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), incorporating ambipolar diffusion as the dominant non-ideal MHD effect, applicable to outer disk regions. We first show that dust backreaction enhances dust settling towards the midplane by reducing turbulence correlation time. Under modest level of MRI turbulence, we find that dust clumping is in fact easier than the conventional SI case, in the sense that the threshold of solid abundance for clumping is lower. The key to dust clumping includes dust backreaction and the presence of local pressure maxima, which in our work is formed by the MRI zonal flows overcoming background pressure gradient. Overall, our results support planetesimal formation in the MRI-turbulent outer protoplanetary disks, especially in ring-like substructures.

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