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arXiv 2105.02403astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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尘埃演化对原行星盘外区垂直切变不稳定性的影响

Effects of Dust Evolution on the Vertical Shear Instability in the Outer Regions of Protoplanetary Disks

Yuya Fukuhara, Satoshi Okuzumi, Tomohiro Ono

摘要:

垂直切变不稳定性(VSI)是一种需要快速气体冷却的流体动力学不稳定性,并已被建议在原行星盘的外部区域运行。VSI驱动具有强烈垂直运动的湍流,这可以调节灰尘的生长和沉降。然而,灰尘的生长和沉降可以调节VSI,因为灰尘耗尽使得外部盘区域中的气体冷却效率低下,这些外部盘区域相对于其自身的热发射而言光学上较薄。在这项研究中,我们量化了这种潜在的稳定作用的灰尘演变的VSI的线性分析的基础上。我们构建了一个模型来计算冷却时间尺度,同时考虑到超过微米尺寸和尺寸依赖性沉降的灰尘生长。结合线性稳定性分析的模型,我们映射的区域VSI的操作,我们称之为VSI区,并估计在每个径向位置的最大增长率。我们发现,灰尘的增长,以及解决使VSI区更局限于周围的中平面。这导致增长率下降,因为旋转速度的垂直切变是不稳定性的来源,在较低的高度较弱。在我们默认的0.01太阳质量的圆盘模型中,从10微米到1毫米的尘埃增长会导致增长率下降10倍以上。抑制的VSI驱动的湍流尘埃演化可能会促进进一步的尘埃演化的外部区域,也解释了高度的尘埃沉降观察到的磁盘周围HL头。

英文摘要:

The vertical shear instability (VSI) is a hydrodynamical instability that requires rapid gas cooling and has been suggested to operate in outer regions of protoplanetary disks. The VSI drives turbulence with strong vertical motions, which could regulate the dust growth and settling. However, dust growth and settling can regulate the VSI because dust depletion makes gas cooling inefficient in outer disk regions that are optically thin to their own thermal emission. In this study, we quantify this potentially stabilizing effects of dust evolution on the VSI based on the linear analysis. We construct a model for calculating the cooling timescale, taking into account dust growth beyond micron sizes and size-dependent settling. Combining the model with the linear stability analysis, we map the region where the VSI operates, which we call the VSI zone, and estimate the maximum growth rate at each radial position. We find that dust growth as well as settling makes the VSI zone more confined around the midplane. This causes a decrease in the growth rate because the vertical shear of the rotation velocity, which is the source of the instability, is weaker at lower altitude. In our default disk model with 0.01 solar masses, dust growth from 10 micron to 1 mm causes a decrease in the growth rate by a factor of more than 10. The suppression of VSI-driven turbulence by dust evolution may promote further dust evolution in the outer regions and also explain a high degree of dust settling observed in the disk around HL Tau.

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