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arXiv 2305.04417cs.CLcs.AI
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解锁法律领域的实际应用:评估GPT在法律文本零样本语义标注中的表现

Unlocking Practical Applications in Legal Domain: Evaluation of GPT for Zero-Shot Semantic Annotation of Legal Texts

Carnegie Mellon University(卡内基梅隆大学)

Jaromir Savelka

AI总结:

本研究评估了GPT模型在零样本设置下对法律文本进行语义标注的能力,发现其在法院意见、合同和法规等不同文档类型上表现良好,为法律领域应用LLM提供了实证支持。

摘要:

我们评估了一种最先进的生成式预训练Transformer(GPT)模型对来自各种类型法律文档的短文本片段(一句到几句话)进行语义标注的能力。尽管关于这一新兴技术在法律领域潜在用途(如文档起草、摘要生成)的讨论日益激烈,但迄今为止,尚未有对这些大型语言模型(LLM)在零样本学习设置下对法律文本进行句子级语义标注能力的严谨分析。然而,这种特定类型的用途可以解锁许多实际应用(如合同审查)和研究机会(如实证法律研究)。本研究填补了这一空白。我们考察了该模型能否以及如何仅基于语义类型的简明定义,成功地对小批量(10-50条)短文本片段进行语义标注。我们发现,GPT模型在零样本设置下对各种类型的文档表现出乎意料地好(在涉及法院意见的任务上F1=.73,合同为.86,法规和条例为.54)。这些发现可以被法律学者和执业律师利用,以指导他们在涉及法律文本语义标注的各种工作流程中整合LLM的决策。

英文摘要:

We evaluated the capability of a state-of-the-art generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) model to perform semantic annotation of short text snippets (one to few sentences) coming from legal documents of various types. Discussions of potential uses (e.g., document drafting, summarization) of this emerging technology in legal domain have intensified, but to date there has not been a rigorous analysis of these large language models' (LLM) capacity in sentence-level semantic annotation of legal texts in zero-shot learning settings. Yet, this particular type of use could unlock many practical applications (e.g., in contract review) and research opportunities (e.g., in empirical legal studies). We fill the gap with this study. We examined if and how successfully the model can semantically annotate small batches of short text snippets (10-50) based exclusively on concise definitions of the semantic types. We found that the GPT model performs surprisingly well in zero-shot settings on diverse types of documents (F1=.73 on a task involving court opinions, .86 for contracts, and .54 for statutes and regulations). These findings can be leveraged by legal scholars and practicing lawyers alike to guide their decisions in integrating LLMs in wide range of workflows involving semantic annotation of legal texts.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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