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arXiv 2304.13752astro-ph.CO
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类星体作为高红移标准烛光

Quasars as high-redshift standard candles

Guido Risaliti, Elisabeta Lusso, Emanuele Nardini, Giada Bargiacchi, Susanna Bisogni, Andrea Sacchi, Matilde Signorini, Bartolomeo Trefoloni

AI总结:

本研究利用类星体X射线与紫外光度的非线性关系构建至z~7的哈勃图,通过多项一致性检验支持其作为高红移标准烛光,并发现z>1.5时相对平坦ΛCDM模型超过4σ的偏离。

摘要:

在过去几年中,我们基于类星体X射线与紫外光度之间的非线性关系,构建了一个红移最高达z~7的类星体哈勃图。该哈勃图显示,在z>1.5时,其与标准平坦ΛCDM模型存在大于4σ的偏离。鉴于这一结果的重要影响,必须排除样本选择和/或流量测量中的任何系统效应,并研究该关系可能存在的红移依赖性,因为这种依赖会使类星体无法用作标准烛光。在此,我们综述支持我们方法的所有观测结果:类星体哈勃图与超新星哈勃图在共同红移范围内的吻合、该关系斜率在所有红移处保持恒定,以及我们的源在X射线和紫外波段的光谱性质均不随红移演化。要对我们的结果进行独立检验,需要观测高红移处的其他标准烛光。特别是,我们预计未来对z>2超新星的观测将证实类星体哈勃图所发现的相对于协和模型的偏离。

英文摘要:

In the past few years, we built a Hubble diagram of quasars up to redshift z$\sim$7, based on the nonlinear relation between quasars' x-ray and UV luminosities. Such a Hubble diagram shows a >4$σ$ deviation from the standard flat $Λ$CDM model at z>1.5. Given the important consequences of this result, it is fundamental to rule out any systematic effect in the selection of the sample and/or in the flux measurements, and to investigate possible redshift dependences of the relation, that would invalidate the use of quasars as standard candles. Here we review all the observational results supporting our method: the match of the Hubble diagram of quasars with that of supernovae in the common redshift range, the constant slope of the relation at all redshifts, the redshift non-evolution of the spectral properties of our sources both in the x-rays and in the UV. An independent test of our results requires the observation of other standard candles at high redshift. In particular, we expect that future observations of supernovas at z>2 will confirm the deviation from the concordance model found with the Hubble diagram of quasars.

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