研究宇宙不透明度对标准蜡烛的影响
Investigating the effect of cosmic opacity on standard candles
摘要：
标准烛光可以探测大红移范围内的暗能量演化。但是宇宙的不透明性会降低标准蜡烛的质量。本文利用最新的观测资料，包括JLA样品的Ia型超新星（SNe Ia）和哈勃参数，探讨宇宙的不透明度。为了避免超新星Ia光度距离的宇宙学依赖性，使用了超新星Ia光变曲线参数、宇宙学参数和不透明度的联合拟合。为了研究高红移下的宇宙不透明性，我们利用了最新的伽马射线暴（GRB）。在高红移处，考虑了宇宙再电离过程。我们发现，样品支持一个几乎透明的宇宙平坦的$Λ$ CDM和XCDM模型。与此同时，自由电子通过（逆）康普顿散射消耗标准烛光中的光子，康普顿散射是不透明度的重要组成部分。这种康普顿变暗可能在未来的超新星调查中发挥重要作用。通过分析发现，在两个模型中，都有百分之几的宇宙不透明度是由康普顿调光引起的，这是可以修正的。
英文摘要：
Standard candles can probe the evolution of dark energy in a large redshift range. But the cosmic opacity can degrade the quality of standard candles. In this paper, we use the latest observations, including type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from JLA sample and Hubble parameters, to probe the opacity of the universe. In order to avoid the cosmological dependence of SNe Ia luminosity distances, a joint fitting of the SNe Ia light-curve parameters, cosmological parameters and opacity is used. In order to explore the cosmic opacity at high redshifts, the latest gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are used. At high redshifts, cosmic reionization process is considered. We find that the sample supports an almost transparent universe for flat $Λ$CDM and XCDM models. Meanwhile, free electrons deplete photons from standard candles through the (inverse) Compton scattering, known as an important component of opacity. This Compton dimming may paly an important role in future supernova surveys. From analysis, we find that about a few percent cosmic opacity is caused by Compton dimming in the two models, which can be correctable.
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