arXiv 2301.097952023-01-24astro-ph.COastro-ph.HEgr-qc

超新星、类星体和伽玛暴对耦合常数变化的约束

Constraining Coupling Constants' Variation with Supernovae, Quasars, and GRBs

Rajendra P. Gupta

备注：: 18 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2202.12758
发表信息：: Symmetry 15, 259 (2023)
DOI：: 10.3390/sym15020259

摘要：

狄拉克在1937年提出了由他的大数假设导出的耦合常数的变分。从那时起，一直在努力通过各种方法限制它们的变化。我们简要地讨论了几种用于此目的的方法，同时主要集中在使用超新星类型1a，类星体，伽玛射线暴（GRB）作为宇宙学探测确定宇宙学距离。Ia型超新星（SNeIa）被认为是最好的标准烛光，因为它们的内在光度可以从它们的光变曲线精确地确定。然而，它们只在红移$z=2.3$附近被观测到，大部分在$z<1.5$。类星体是宇宙中最明亮的非瞬态宇宙源。在$z=7.5$之前已观察到它们。某些类型的类星体可以被很好地校准，以用作标准烛光，但其内在光度的不确定性比SNeIa更高。伽玛暴甚至比类星体还要亮，观测到的亮度高达$z=9.4$。它们的辐射持续时间从几十毫秒到几分钟，在极少数情况下，持续几个小时。然而，它们比类星体更难校准为标准烛光。当耦合常数变为动态时，如果标准烛光的本征光度受到影响会怎样？本文利用我们早期的发现，光速c，引力常量G，普朗克常数h，玻尔兹曼常数k的变化相关的$G\thicksim c^{3}\thicksim h^{3}\thicksim k^{3/2}$与$(\dot{G}/G)_{0}=3(\dot{c}/c)_{0}=(\dot{h}/h)_{0}=1.5 (\dot{k}/k)_{0}=5.4H_{0} =3.90(\pm 0.04)\times 10^{-10} yr^{-1}$证实了它与SNeIa，类星体，伽玛暴观测数据。此外，我们还证明了这种协变耦合常数模型可能比标准ΛCDM模型更适合于用类星体和伽玛暴作为标准烛光，并预言了伽玛暴的质量标度为$((1+z)^{1/3}-1)$。

英文摘要：

Dirac, in 1937 proposed the variation of coupling constants derived from his large number hypothesis. Efforts have continued since then to constrain their variation by various methods. We briefly discuss several methods used for the purpose while focusing primarily on the use of supernovae type 1a, quasars, and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as cosmological probes for determining cosmological distances. Supernovae type Ia (SNeIa) are considered the best standard candles since their intrinsic luminosity can be determined precisely from their light curves. However, they have only been observed up to about redshift $z=2.3$, mostly at $z<1.5$. Quasars are the brightest non-transient cosmic sources in the Universe. They have been observed up to $z=7.5$. Certain types of quasars can be calibrated well enough for their use as standard candles but with a higher degree of uncertainty in their intrinsic luminosity than the SNeIa. GRBs are even brighter than quasars, observed up to $z=9.4$. Their radiation lasts from 10s of milliseconds to several minutes and, in rare cases, for a few hours. However, they are even more challenging to calibrate as standard candles than quasars. What if the standard candles' intrinsic luminosities are affected when the coupling constants become dynamic? This paper uses our earlier finding that the speed of light c, the gravitational constant G, the Planck constant h, and the Boltzmann constant k variations are correlated as $G\thicksim c^{3}\thicksim h^{3}\thicksim k^{3/2}$ with $(\dot{G}/G)_{0}=3(\dot{c}/c)_{0}=(\dot{h}/h)_{0}=1.5 (\dot{k}/k)_{0}=5.4H_{0} =3.90(\pm 0.04)\times 10^{-10} yr^{-1}$ corroborates it with SNeIa, quasars, and GRBs observational data. Also, we show that this covarying coupling constant model may be better than the standard ΛCDM model for using quasars and GRBs as standard candles and predict the mass of the GRBs scales as $((1+z)^{1/3}-1)$.

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