Keich (1999) showed that the sharp gauge function for the generalized Hausdorff dimension of Besicovitch sets in $\mathbb R^2$ is between $r^2\log 1/r$ and $r^2(\log 1/r) (\log\log 1/r)^{2+\varepsilon}$ by refining an argument of Bourgain (1991). It is not known whether the iterated logarithms in Keich's bound are necessary. In this paper we construct a family of Besicovitch line sets whose sharp gauge function is smaller than $r^2(\log 1/r) (\log\log 1/r)^{\varepsilon}$. Moreover, these Besicovitch sets are minimal in the sense that there is essentially only one line in the set pointing in each direction.
This is a survey on recent developments on the Hausdorff dimension of projections and intersections for general subsets of Euclidean spaces, with an emphasis on estimates of the Hausdorff dimension of exceptional sets and on restricted projection families. We shall also discuss relations between projections and Hausdorff dimension of Besicovitch sets.
We consider (bounded) Besicovitch sets in the Heisenberg group and prove that $L^p$ estimates for the Kakeya maximal function imply lower bounds for their Heisenberg Hausdorff dimension.
Besicovitch showed that if a set is null for the Hausdorff measure associated to a given dimension function, then it is still null for the Hausdorff measure corresponding to a smaller dimension function. We prove that this is not true for packing measures. Moreover, we consider the corresponding questions for sets of non-$σ$-finite packing measure, and for pre-packing measure instead of packing measure.
A Besicovitch set is a set which contains a unit line segment in any direction. It is known that the Minkowski and Hausdorff dimensions of such a set must be greater than or equal to 5/2 in \R^3. In this paper we show that the Minkowski dimension must in fact be greater than 5/2 + εfor some absolute constant ε> 0. One observation arising from the argument is that Besicovitch sets of near-minimal dimension have to satisfy certain strong properties, which we call ``stickiness,'' ``planiness,'' and ``graininess.'' The purpose of this paper is to improve upon the known bounds for the Minkowski dim…
In response to a question raised (and answered in the negative) by Terry Tao on his blog as to whether it is possible to rotate a line segment continuously within a set of area zero, we show that there is a set of area zero in the plane within which a line segment can be rotated by a Baire-1 map.
We use geometrical combinatorics arguments, including the ``hairbrush'' and x-ray arguments of Wolff and the sticky/plany/grainy analysis of Katz, Laba, and Tao, to show that Besicovitch sets in R^n have Minkowski dimension at least (n+2)/2 + \eps_n for all n > 3, where \eps_n > 0 is an absolute constant depending only on n. This complements the results of Katz, Laba, and Tao, which established the same result for n=3, and of Bourgain and Katz-Tao, arithmetic combinatorics techniques to establish the result for n > 8. In contrast to previous work, our arguments will be purely geometric and do …
Let $F$ be a finite field with characteristic greater than two. Define a \emph{Besicovitch set} in $F^4$ to be a set $P \subseteq F^4$ containing a line in every direction. The \emph{Kakeya conjecture} asserts that $|P| \approx |F|^4$. A result of Wolff establishes that $|P| \gtrsim |F|^3$. In this paper we improve this to $|P| \gtrapprox |F|^{3+\gain}$. On the other hand, we show that the bound of $|F|^3$ is sharp if we relax the assumption that the lines point in different directions. One new feature in the argument is the introduction of a small amount of basic algebraic geometry.
Under weaker condition than that of Riedi & Mandelbrot, the Hausdorff (and Hausdorff-Besicovitch) dimension of infinite self-similar set K which is the invariant compact set of infinite contractive similarities {S_j(x)} satisfying open set condition is obtained. It is proved (under some additional hypotheses) that the mean quadratic variation of infinite self-similar measure is of asymptotic property.
We show that a typical Besicovitch set $B$ has intersections of measure zero with every line not contained in it. Moreover, every line in $B$ intersects the union of all the other lines in $B$ in a set of measure zero.
A Besicovitch set is a subset of $\R^d$ that contains a unit line segment in every direction and the famous Kakeya conjecture states that Besicovitch sets should have full dimension. We provide a number of results in support of this conjecture in a variety of contexts. Our proofs are simple and aim to give an intuitive feel for the problem. For example, we give a very simple proof that the packing and lower box-counting dimension of any Besicovitch set is at least $(d+1)/2$ (better estimates are available in the literature). We also study the `generic validity' of the Kakeya conjecture in the …
In this article we study Cantor sets defined by monotone sequences, in the sense of Besicovitch and Taylor. We classify these Cantor sets in terms of their h-Hausdorff and h-Packing measures, for the family of dimension functions h, and characterize this classification in terms of the underlying sequences.
In this paper we get an estimate of Favard length of an arbitrary neighbourhood of an arbitrary self-similar Cantor set. Consider $L$ closed disjoint discs of radius $1/L$ inside the unit disc. By using linear maps of smaller disc onto the unit disc we can generate a self-similar Cantor set $G$. Then $\G=\bigcap_n\G_n$. One may then ask the rate at which the Favard length - the average over all directions of the length of the orthogonal projection onto a line in that direction - of these sets $\G_n$ decays to zero as a function of $n$. The quantitative results for the Favard length problem wer…
We pose the following conjecture: (*) If A is the union of line segments in R^n, and B is the union of the corresponding full lines then the Hausdorff dimensions of A and B agree. We prove that this conjecture would imply that every Besicovitch set (compact set that contains line segments in every direction) in R^n has Hausdorff dimension at least n-1 and (upper) Minkowski dimension n. We also prove that conjecture (*) holds if the Hausdorff dimension of B is at most 2, so in particular it holds in the plane.
We give a complete characterization of the size of Borel sets that are mid-point convex but not (essentially) convex, in terms of their Hausdorff dimensions and Hausdorff measures.
We study a generalization of Morán's sum sets, obtaining information about the $h$-Hausdorff and $h$-packing measures of these sets and certain of their subsets.
A formula for the Hausdorff dimension of typical limsup sets generated by randomly distributed isotropic rectangles in Heisenberg groups is derived in terms of directed singular value functions.
We compute the exact Hausdorff and Packing measures of linear Cantor sets which might not be self similar or homogeneous . The calculation is based on the local behavior of the natural probability measure supported on the sets.
The almost sure value of the Hausdorff dimension of limsup sets generated by randomly distributed rectangles in the Heisenberg group is computed in terms of directed singular value functions.
The Hausdorff dimension of the set of points that are covered infinitely many times by a sequence of randomly distributed balls in the unit cube can be expressed in terms of the sizes of the balls. This note presents a new proof of the formula.
The almost sure Hausdorff dimension of the limsup set of randomly distributed rectangles in a product of Ahlfors regular metric spaces is computed in terms of the singular value function of the rectangles.
We prove that for all $s\in(0,d)$ and $c\in (0,1)$ there exists a self-similar set $E\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ with Hausdorff dimension $s$ such that $\mathcal{H}^s(E)=c|E|^s$. This answers a question raised by Zhiying Wen[16].
We give conditions on a general family $P_λ:\R^n\to\R^m, λ\in Λ,$ of orthogonal projections which guarantee that the Hausdorff dimension formula $\dim A\cap P_λ^{-1}\{u\}=s-m$ holds generically for measurable sets $A\subset\Rn$ with positive and finite $s$-dimensional Hausdorff measure, $s>m$, and with positive lower density. As an application we prove for measurable sets $A,B\subset\Rn$ with positive $s$- and $t$-dimensional measures, and with positive lower density that if $s + (n-1)t/n > n$, then $\dim A\cap (g(B)+z) = s+t - n$ for almost all rotations $g$ and for positively many $z\in\Rn$.
This paper examines level sets of two families of continuous, nowhere differentiable functions (one a subfamily of the other) defined in terms of the "tent map". The well-known Takagi function is a special case. Sharp upper bounds are given for the Hausdorff dimension of the level sets of functions in these two families. Furthermore, the case where a function f is chosen at random from either family is considered, and results are given for the Hausdorff dimension of the zero set and the set of maximum points of f.
Using a recent result of Orponen (Invent. math. '21), we show that sets with plenty of big projections (PBP) admit an Analyst's Travelling Salesman Theorem. We then show that sets with PBP which are uniformly non-flat (or wiggly) have large Hausdorff dimension. We also obtain a corollary on analytic/Lipschitz harmonic capacities.
Let $K$ be a compact set in $\rd$ with positive Hausdorff dimension. Using a Fractional Brownian Motion, we prove that in a prevalent set of continuous functions on $K$, the Hausdorff dimension of the graph is equal to $\dim_{\mathcal H}(K)+1$. This is the largest possible value. This result generalizes a previous work due to J.M. Fraser and J.T. Hyde which was exposed in the conference {\it Fractal and Related Fields~2}. The case of $α$-Hölderian functions is also discussed.
We investigate how the integrability of the derivatives of Orlicz-Sobolev mappings defined on open subsets of $\mathbb{R}^n$ affect the sizes of the images of sets of Hausdorff dimension less than $n$. We measure the sizes of the image sets in terms of generalized Hausdorff measures.
We consider (not self-similar) Cantor sets defined by a sequence of piecewise linear functions. We prove that the dimension of the harmonic measure on such a set is strictly smaller than its Hausdorff dimension. Some Hausdorff measure estimates for these sets are also provided.
The classical Hausdorff dimension of finite or countable sets is zero. We define an analog for finite sets, called finite Hausdorff dimension which is non-trivial. It turns out that a finite bound for the finite Hausdorff dimension guarantees that every point of the set has "nearby" neighbors. This property is important for many computer algorithms of great practical value, that obtain solutions by finding nearest neighbors. We also define an analog for finite sets of the classical box-counting dimension, and compute examples. The main result of the paper is a Convergence Theorem. It gives con…
We establish formulas for bounds on the Haudorff measure of the intersection of certain Cantor sets with their translates. As a consequence we obtain a formula for the Hausdorff dimensions of these intersections.
We show that the existence of measurable envelopes of all subsets of $\RR^n$ with respect to the $d$-dimensional Hausdorff measure $(0<d<n)$ is independent of $ZFC$. We also investigate the consistency of the existence of Sierpiński sets measurable with respect to the $d$-dimensional Hausdorff measure.
For a compact subset K of the plane and a point x, we define the visible part of K from x to be the set K_x={u\in K : [x,u]\cap K={u}}. (Here [x,u] denotes the closed line segment joining x to u.) In this paper, we use energies to show that if K is a compact connected set of Hausdorff dimension larger than one, then for (Lebesgue) almost every point x in the plane, the Hausdorff dimension of K_x is strictly less than the Hausdorff dimension of K. In fact, for almost every x, dim(K_x)\leq {1/2}+\sqrt{dim(K)-{3/4}}. We also give an estimate of the Hausdorff dimension of those points where the vi…
We investigate the Hausdorff measure and content on a class of quasi self-similar sets that include, for example, graph-directed and sub self-similar and self-conformal sets. We show that any Hausdorff measurable subset of such a set has comparable Hausdorff measure and Hausdorff content. In particular, this proves that graph-directed and sub self-conformal sets with positive Hausdorff measure are Ahlfors regular, irrespective of separation conditions. When restricting to self-conformal subsets of the real line with Hausdorff dimension strictly less than one, we additionally show that the weak…
We prove that if $A$ is a Borel set in the plane of equal Hausdorff and packing dimension $s>1$, then the set of pinned distances $\{ |x-y|:y\in A\}$ has full Hausdorff dimension for all $x$ outside of a set of Hausdorff dimension $1$ (in particular, for many $x\in A$). This verifies a strong variant of Falconer's distance set conjecture for sets of equal Hausdorff and packing dimension, outside the endpoint $s=1$.
We calculate the almost sure Hausdorff dimension of the random covering set $\limsup_{n\to\infty}(g_n + ξ_n)$ in $d$-dimensional torus $\mathbb T^d$, where the sets $g_n\subset\mathbb T^d$ are parallelepipeds, or more generally, linear images of a set with nonempty interior, and $ξ_n\in\mathbb T^d$ are independent and uniformly distributed random points. The dimension formula, derived from the singular values of the linear mappings, holds provided that the sequences of the singular values are decreasing.
We study natural measures on sets of beta-expansions and on slices through self similar sets. In the setting of beta-expansions, these allow us to better understand the measure of maximal entropy for the random beta-transformation and to reinterpret a result of Lindenstrauss, Peres and Schlag in terms of equidistribution. Each of these applications is relevant to the study of Bernoulli convolutions. In the fractal setting this allows us to understand how to disintegrate Hausdorff measure by slicing, leading to conditions under which almost every slice through a self similar set has positive Ha…
We prove bounds for the almost sure value of the Hausdorff dimension of the limsup set of a sequence of balls in $\mathbf{R}^d$ whose centres are independent, identically distributed random variables. The formulas obtained involve the rate of decrease of the radii of the balls and multifractal properties of the measure according to which the balls are distributed, and generalise formulas that are known to hold for particular classes of measures.
We give a new Hausdorff content bound for limsup sets, which is related to Falconer's sets of large intersection. Falconer's sets of large intersection satisfy a content bound for all balls in a space. In comparison, our main theorem only assumes a scale-invariant bound for the balls forming the limit superior set in question. We give four applications of these ideas and our main theorem: a new proof and generalization of the mass transference principle related to Diophantine approximations, a related result on random limsup sets, a new proof of Federer's characterization of sets of finite per…
