The Kakeya needle problem and the existence of Besicovitch and Nikodym sets for rectifiable sets
英文摘要:
We solve the Kakeya needle problem and construct a Besicovitch and a Nikodym set for rectifiable sets.
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Alan Chang, Marianna Csörnyei
We solve the Kakeya needle problem and construct a Besicovitch and a Nikodym set for rectifiable sets.
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A Besicovitch set is a subset of $\R^d$ that contains a unit line segment in every direction and the famous Kakeya conjecture states that Besicovitch sets should have full dimension. We provide a number of results in support of this conjecture in a variety of contexts. Our proofs are simple and aim to give an intuitive feel for the problem. For example, we give a very simple proof that the packing and lower box-counting dimension of any Besicovitch set is at least $(d+1)/2$ (better estimates are available in the literature). We also study the `generic validity' of the Kakeya conjecture in the …
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We prove a Kakeya-Nikodym bound on eigenfunctions and quasimodes, which sharpens a result of the authors and extends it to higher dimensions. As in the prior work, the key intermediate step is to prove a microlocal version of these estimates, which involves a phase space decomposition of these modes which is essentially invariant under the bicharacteristic/geodesic flow. In a companion paper, it will be seen that these sharpened estimates yield improved $L^q(M)$ bounds on eigenfunctions in the presence of nonpositive curvature when $2 < q < \frac{2(d+1)}{d-1}$.
Curved Kakeya sets and Nikodym problems on manifolds
本文将满足 Bourgain 条件的弯曲 Kakeya 集及常曲率流形上的 Nikodym、Furstenberg 问题归结为欧氏对应问题,从而证明三维常截面曲率流形的 Nikodym 猜想和二维常 Gauss 曲率曲面的 Furstenberg 猜想。
Heisenberg Hausdorff dimension of Besicovitch sets
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The Kakeya maximal operator on the variable Lebesgue spaces
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New bounds on Kakeya problems
建立了Besicovitch集的Minkowski维数和豪斯多夫维数的新估计,并得到了Kakeya极大算子的新界.
A new bound for finite field Besicovitch sets in four dimensions
设$F$是特征大于2的有限域.在$F^4$中定义一个\emph{Besicovitch set}为一个集合$P \subseteq F^4$,该集合在每个方向上都包含一条线。\emph{Kakeya conjecture}断言$|P| \approx |F|^4$。Wolff的一个结果证明了$|P| \gtrsim |F|^3$.本文将其改进为$|P| \gtrapprox |F|^{3+\gain}$。另一方面,我们表明,$|F|^3$的界是尖锐的,如果我们放松的假设,线指向不同的方向。一个新的特点,在论点是介绍了少量的基本代数几何。
Sharp microlocal Kakeya--Nikodym estimates for eigenfunctions with applications
本文扩展了Blair-Sogge特征函数的微局Kakeya-Nikodym界,适用于更广的指数范围,并在常曲率流形上引入新的各向异性范数,从而改进了Hecke-Maass形式在紧致双曲3流形上的L^p界。
An improved bound on the Hausdorff dimension of Besicovitch sets in $\mathbb{R}^3$
该研究改进了三维欧氏空间中Besicovitch集的Hausdorff维数下界至$5/2+ε_0$,通过分析满足Wolff公理的管并体积得到结果,还提出了Kakeya猜想的新近乎反例$SL_2$示例供后续研究。
Oscillatory integral operators on manifolds and related Kakeya and Nikodym problems
本文研究了黎曼流形上的Carleson-Sjölin算子,在常截面曲率和Sogge混沌曲率条件下通过不同方法获得了改进的$L^p$界,并作为副产品得到了Nikodym极大函数的新界。
An $L^{4/3}$ $SL_2$ Kakeya maximal inequality
本文构造性地证明了R³中存在零测度SL₂ Besicovitch集,由此说明SL₂ Kakeya极大不等式不能以一致常数成立;进一步给出p>3/2时的反例,并在二维球条件下证明p≤4/3时该不等式在C_εδ^{-ε}损失下成立。
On Kakeya-Nikodym averages, $L^p$-norms and lower bounds for nodal sets of eigenfunctions in higher dimensions
我们将第二作者\cite [定理1.1]{soggekaknik}的结果推广到维数$d \geq 3$,它将$2<p<\frac{2(d+1)}{d-1}$的本征函数的$L^p$ -范数的大小与收缩管中关于单位长度测地线的$L^2$ -质量的量联系起来。证明使用双线性振荡积分估计李\cite{leebilinear}和一个可变系数变量的“$\veps$删除引理”陶和巴尔加斯\cite{tv1}。我们还使用Hörmander的\cite{HorOsc} $L^2$振荡积分定理和Cartan-Hadamard定理表明,在非正曲率的假设下,特征函数$e_\la$的$L^2$ -范数在宽度为$\la^{-\frac12}$的单位长度管上趋于零。使用我们的主要估计,我们推断,在这种情况下,$L^p$规范的本征函数的上述范围内的指数是相对较小的。其结果是,我们可以稍微改善已知的下界节点集的尺寸$d\ge3$的Colding和Minicozzi \cite{CM}在特殊情况下(可变)非正曲率。
A Study on Kakeya Needle Problem for $(n-1)$-Rectifiable Sets
本文研究n维欧氏空间中针对(n-1)可求长集的Kakeya针问题类似问题,结合三类关键要素构造Nikodym型集,实现沿等距变换路径移动该类集并覆盖勒贝格零测集。
Kakeya-Nikodym averages and $L^p$-norms of eigenfunctions
本文给出了二维紧致无边界黎曼流形$M$上的Laplacian的平方根的本征函数的$L^p$ -范数$2<p<6$小于本征值$λ$的自然幂的充要条件.确保这一点的条件是,当$λ$较大时,它们在任意单位测地线的$O(λ^{-1/2})$邻域上的$L^2$范数较小(例如,对于$S^2$上的最高权重球谐函数,情况并非如此)。证明利用高斯引理和事实,即双线性振荡积分在Hörmander的Carleson-Sjölin定理的证明中变得越来越好,远离对角线。我们的研究结果是有关最近的工作Bourgain谁表明,$L^2$平均测地线的本征函数是小的自然电源的本征值$λ$提供的$L^4(M)$规范同样小。我们的结果意味着QUE不能保持在一个紧凑的二维无边界黎曼流形$(M,g)$,如果$L^p$ -范数是饱和的,对于一个给定的$2<p<6$。我们还表明,本征函数不能有一个最大的$L^2$ -质量集中沿单位部分的测地线是不顺利关闭的速率。
Nonconcentration of eigenfunctions in Microlocal Kakeya-Nikodym norms: a phase space approach
该研究针对拉普拉斯算子本征函数的$L^p$界问题,提出了比非正曲率更通用的微局部Kakeya-Nikodym平均改进条件,利用相空间变换与高斯束近似拓展了相关理论。
A new bound on partial sum-sets and difference-sets, and applications to the Kakeya conjecture
设$A, B$是阿贝尔群的有限子集,且$G \subset A \times B$使得$# A, # B, # \{a+b: (a,b) \in G \} \leq N$。我们考虑估计量$# \{a-b: (a,b) \in G \}$的问题。最近Bourgain将$N^2$的平凡上界改进为$N^{2-1/13}$,并将其应用于Kakeya猜想.进一步改进了Bourgain的估计,得到了$N^{2-1/6}$的进一步改进,如果我们也知道$# \{a+2b: (a,b) \in G\} \leq N$ .我们得出结论,$\R^n$中的Besicovitch集的Hausdorff维度至少为6 n/11+5/11,Minkowski维度至少为$4n/7 + 3/7$。这是$n > 8$的新功能。
Curved Kakeya sets for generic phases in odd dimensions
本文将有限接触阶条件推广至任意奇数维,利用多项式方法证明了一般Hörmander相位下弯曲Kakeya集的Hausdorff维度超过经典压缩阈值,并改进了相关振荡积分估计。
In this dissertation we define a generalization of Kakeya sets in certain metric spaces. Kakeya sets in Euclidean spaces are sets of zero Lebesgue measure containing a segment of length one in every direction. A famous conjecture, known as Kakeya conjecture, states that the Hausdorff dimension of any Kakeya set should equal the dimension of the space. It was proved only in the plane, whereas in higher dimensions both geometric and arithmetic combinatorial methods were used to obtain partial results. In the first part of the thesis we define generalized Kakeya sets in metric spaces satisfying c…
$(n,k)$-Besicovitch sets do not exist in $\mathbb{Z}_p^n$ and $\hat{\mathbb{Z}}^n$ for $k\ge 2$
本文证明了在 $p$-进数和射有限整数空间中,任何包含所有方向 $2$-平坦的集合必具有正测度,从而否定了相应 Besicovitch 型零测度构造的存在性。
We consider unions of $SL(2)$ lines in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$. These are lines of the form $$L = (a,b,0) + \mathrm{span}(c,d,1),$$ where $ad - bc = 1$. We show that if $\mathcal{L}$ is a Kakeya set of $SL(2)$ lines, then the union $\cup \mathcal{L}$ has Hausdorff dimension $3$. This answers a question of Wang and Zahl. The $SL(2)$ lines can be identified with horizontal lines in the first Heisenberg group, and we obtain the main result as a corollary of a more general statement concerning unions of horizontal lines. This statement is established via a point-line duality principle between horizontal …
In 1901, Severi proved that if $Z$ is an irreducible hypersurface in $\mathbb{P}^4(\mathbb{C})$ that contains a three dimensional set of lines, then $Z$ is either a quadratic hypersurface or a scroll of planes. We prove a discretized version of this result for hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{R}^4$. As an application, we prove that at most $δ^{-2-\varepsilon}$ direction-separated $δ$-tubes can be contained in the $δ$-neighborhood of a low-degree hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^4$. This result leads to improved bounds on the restriction and Kakeya problems in $\mathbb{R}^4$. Combined with previous work of…
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