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arXiv 2302.04825astro-ph.GAastro-ph.IM
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孤立星系流体动力学模拟中的边界条件及其对气体损失过程的影响

Boundary conditions in hydrodynamic simulations of isolated galaxies and their impact on the gas-loss processes

Anderson Caproni, Gustavo A. Lanfranchi, Amâncio C. S. Friaça, Jennifer F. Soares

摘要:

三维流体动力学模拟除了研究孤立星系中气体成分的演化与星系恒星形成历史的关系外,还被广泛用于研究孤立星系中气体成分的演化。恒星风、超新星爆炸和黑洞反馈是通常用来驱动星系外流和减少初始星系气体储备的机制。然而,任何模拟都需要选择模拟体积的限制,这取决于,例如,星系的大小和所需的数值分辨率,除了可用的计算能力来执行它。在这项工作中,我们讨论了边界条件对小尺寸星系中气体分数演化的影响(潮汐半径约为1千秒差距),像本星系群中的经典球状星系。我们发现,大小小于约10倍的银河系暗物质晕的特征半径的开放边界变得不适合这种模拟后,约0.6 Gyr的演变,因为它们作为一个无限大的水库的气体由于暗物质引力。我们还测试了两种不同的边界条件,避免气体吸积从数值边界:封闭和选择性边界条件。我们的研究结果表明,后一种条件(使用速度阈值标准打开或关闭边界)是优选的,因为最小化由于关闭边界的反向冲击的数量。虽然将计算边界尽可能远离星系本身的策略总是可取的,但选择性边界条件的模拟可以以较低的计算成本得到类似的结果。

英文摘要:

Three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations are commonly used to study the evolution of the gaseous content in isolated galaxies, besides its connection with galactic star formation histories. Stellar winds, supernova blasts, and black hole feedback are mechanisms usually invoked to drive galactic outflows and decrease the initial galactic gas reservoir. However, any simulation imposes the need of choosing the limits of the simulated volume, which depends, for instance, on the size of the galaxy and the required numerical resolution, besides the available computational capability to perform it. In this work, we discuss the effects of boundary conditions on the evolution of the gas fraction in a small-sized galaxy (tidal radius of about 1 kpc), like classical spheroidal galaxies in the Local Group. We found that open boundaries with sizes smaller than approximately 10 times the characteristic radius of the galactic dark-matter halo become unappropriated for this kind of simulation after about 0.6 Gyr of evolution, since they act as an infinity reservoir of gas due to dark-matter gravity. We also tested two different boundary conditions that avoid gas accretion from numerical frontiers: closed and selective boundary conditions. Our results indicate that the later condition (that uses a velocity threshold criterion to open or close frontiers) is preferable since minimizes the number of reversed shocks due to closed boundaries. Although the strategy of putting computational frontiers as far as possible from the galaxy itself is always desirable, simulations with selective boundary condition can lead to similar results at lower computational costs.

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