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arXiv 2005.07634astro-ph.GA
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Romulus25中孤立超扩散半导体的形成

The Formation of Isolated Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies in Romulus25

Anna C. Wright, Michael Tremmel, Alyson M. Brooks, Ferah Munshi, Daisuke Nagai, Ray S. Sharma, Thomas R. Quinn

摘要:

我们使用\textsc{Romulus25}宇宙学模拟体积来识别有史以来最大的{\it场}超扩散星系(UDG)模拟样本。在$z=0$,我们发现孤立的UDG有平均的恒星形成率,颜色和维里质量的恒星质量和环境。UDG有适度升高的HI质量,在亮度比M $_\mathrm{B}$ =-14更亮(更暗)的情况下,比典型的孤立矮星系多70%(300%)的HI。然而,UDG与一般孤立矮星系的人口是一致的,并弥补$\sim$ 20%的所有场星系10 $^7$ <M $_\star$/M $_\odot$ <10 $^{9}$。HI质量,有效半径,和整体外观的UDG是一致的,与现有的观测领域的UDG,但我们预测,许多孤立的UDG已错过了目前的调查。尽管它们在$z=0$是孤立的,但我们样本中的UDG是重大合并的产物。合并在UDG中并不比非UDG的祖先更常见,但合并产生UDG往往发生得更早--在$z=1$之后几乎不会发生,产生暂时的自旋加速,并导致恒星形成重新分布到星系的外围,导致中心恒星形成率降低。星系的中心随着其中心恒星群的年龄而变暗,但它们的整体恒星形成速率通过更大半径的恒星形成爆发来维持,产生更陡峭的负g-r色梯度。这个形成通道相对于其他孤立星系中UDG形成的建议是独特的,表明UDG可能通过多种机制形成。

英文摘要:

We use the \textsc{Romulus25} cosmological simulation volume to identify the largest-ever simulated sample of {\it field} ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs). At $z=0$, we find that isolated UDGs have average star formation rates, colors, and virial masses for their stellar masses and environment. UDGs have moderately elevated HI masses, being 70\% (300\%) more HI-rich than typical isolated dwarf galaxies at luminosities brighter (fainter) than M$_\mathrm{B}$=-14. However, UDGs are consistent with the general isolated dwarf galaxy population and make up $\sim$20\% of all field galaxies with 10$^7$<M$_\star$/M$_\odot$<10$^{9}$. The HI masses, effective radii, and overall appearances of our UDGs are consistent with existing observations of field UDGs, but we predict that many isolated UDGs have been missed by current surveys. Despite their isolation at $z=0$, the UDGs in our sample are the products of major mergers. Mergers are no more common in UDG than non-UDG progenitors, but mergers that create UDGs tend to happen earlier - almost never occurring after $z=1$, produce a temporary boost in spin, and cause star formation to be redistributed to the outskirts of galaxies, resulting in lower central star formation rates. The centers of the galaxies fade as their central stellar populations age, but their global star formation rates are maintained through bursts of star formation at larger radii, producing steeper negative g-r color gradients. This formation channel is unique relative to other proposals for UDG formation in isolated galaxies, demonstrating that UDGs can potentially be formed through multiple mechanisms.

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