起源于后溅轨道的静止超弥散星系
Quiescent Ultra-diffuse galaxies in the field originating from backsplash orbits
摘要：
超扩散星系（UDG）是已知的表面亮度最低的星系，具有典型的矮星系的恒星质量，但大小与银河系等较大的星系相似。其扩展规模的原因是有争议的，建议内部过程，如角动量，反馈或合并与外部机制或两者的组合。从观测上，我们知道UDG是红色的，在群体和集群中是静止的，而它们在场上的对应物是蓝色的，正在形成恒星。这种二分法表明，环境影响是罪魁祸首。然而，最近在实地观察到孤立的静止的UDG，这一设想受到了挑战。在这里，我们使用$Λ$ CDM宇宙学流体动力学模拟表明，孤立的淬火UDG形成的后溅星系，曾经是另一个星系，集团或集群晕的卫星，但今天几个Mpc远离他们。这些相互作用虽然短暂，但会移除气体，并潮汐式地剥离现已熄灭的孤立UDG的暗物质晕的外围，这些UDG是作为恒星形成场UDG诞生的，占据了矮质量暗物质晕。因此，在暗条和空洞中可以发现数量不可忽略的静止UDG，与具有类似恒星成分的矮星相比，它们具有过去相互作用的标记，即剥离的外部晕，没有暗物质和气体。
英文摘要：
Ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) are the lowest-surface brightness galaxies known, with typical stellar masses of dwarf galaxies but sizes similar to larger galaxies like the Milky Way. The reason for their extended sizes is debated, with suggested internal processes like angular momentum, feedback or mergers versus external mechanisms or a combination of both. Observationally, we know that UDGs are red and quiescent in groups and clusters while their counterparts in the field are blue and star-forming. This dichotomy suggests environmental effects as main culprit. However, this scenario is challenged by recent observations of isolated quiescent UDGs in the field. Here we use $Λ$CDM cosmological hydrodynamical simulation to show that isolated quenched UDGs are formed as backsplash galaxies that were once satellites of another galactic, group or cluster halo but are today a few Mpc away from them. These interactions, albeit brief, remove the gas and tidally strip the outskirts of the dark matter haloes of the now quenched seemingly-isolated UDGs, which are born as star-forming field UDGs occupying dwarf-mass dark matter haloes. Quiescent UDGs may therefore be found in non-negligible numbers in filaments and voids, bearing the mark of past interactions as stripped outer haloes devoid of dark matter and gas compared to dwarfs with similar stellar content.
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