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arXiv 2302.04744cs.DC
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用Setchain数据类型改进区块链Scalability

Improving Blockchain Scalability with the Setchain Data-type

Margarita Capretto, Martín Ceresa, Antonio Fernández Anta, Antonio Russo, César Sánchez

摘要:

区块链技术正面临着可扩展性的挑战,必须克服这一挑战,以确保该技术得到更广泛的采用。这种可扩展性问题是由于使用共识算法来保证区块链和每个区块内交易的总顺序。然而,总订单通常不是完全必要的,因为智能合约的重要高级应用程序不需要所有操作的总订单。如果可以利用更宽松的顺序,则可以潜在地实现更高的可伸缩性。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的分布式并发数据类型,称为Setchain,它大大提高了可扩展性。与传统的区块链操作不同,Setchain实现了一个只增长的集合,其元素没有排序。在方便的时候,Setchain允许强制同步屏障,该同步屏障永久地为最新添加的元素的子集分配一个历元编号,并通过协商一致达成一致意见。因此,同一时期中的两个操作不排序,而不同时期中的两个操作按其各自的时期编号排序。我们提出了不同的拜占庭容忍Setchain的实现,证明其正确性和报告的原型实现的实证评估。我们的研究结果表明,Setchain比基于共识的分类账快了几个数量级,因为它实现了只增长集,而不是全序。由于Setchain屏障可以与底层区块链同步,因此Setchain对象可以用作侧链来实现许多分散的解决方案,其操作速度比直接在区块链上实现要快得多。最后,我们还提出了一个算法,包括在一个单一的过程中的拜占庭服务器,简化了正确性证明的编码一般攻击者在一个具体的实现的组合行为。

英文摘要:

Blockchain technologies are facing a scalability challenge, which must be overcome to guarantee a wider adoption of the technology. This scalability issue is due to the use of consensus algorithms to guarantee the total order of the chain of blocks and of the transactions within each block. However, total order is often not fully necessary, since important advanced applications of smart-contracts do not require a total order among all operations. A much higher scalability can potentially be achieved if a more relaxed order can be exploited. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed concurrent data type, called Setchain, which improves scalability significantly. A Setchain implements a grow-only set whose elements are not ordered, unlike conventional blockchain operations. When convenient, the Setchain allows forcing a synchronization barrier that assigns permanently an epoch number to a subset of the latest elements added, agreed by consensus. Therefore, two operations in the same epoch are not ordered, while two operations in different epochs are ordered by their respective epoch number. We present different Byzantine-tolerant implementations of Setchain, prove their correctness and report on an empirical evaluation of a prototype implementation. Our results show that Setchain is orders of magnitude faster than consensus-based ledgers, since it implements grow-only sets with epoch synchronization instead of total order. Since Setchain barriers can be synchronized with the underlying blockchain, Setchain objects can be used as a sidechain to implement many decentralized solutions with much faster operations than direct implementations on top of blockchains. Finally, we also present an algorithm that encompasses in a single process the combined behavior of Byzantine servers, which simplifies correctness proofs by encoding the general attacker in a concrete implementation.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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