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arXiv 2603.27643cs.DC
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为实时物联网应用优化区块链可扩展性

Optimising Blockchain Scalability for Real-Time IoT Applications

School of Computing and Data Science, Xiamen University Malaysia(厦门大学马来西亚分校计算与数据科学学院);School of Computing, Wrexham University(雷克瑟姆大学计算机学院);Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales(南威尔士大学计算、工程与理科学院);Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University(达福迪尔国际大学科学与信息技术学院)

Hasan Mahmud Rhidoy, Mahdi H. Miraz, Iftekhar Salam

AI总结:

本文综述了针对区块链赋能物联网的最新可扩展性解决方案,分析了层1增强、层2离线处理、基于分片的并行化、边缘和雾计算集成以及混合共识机制,探讨了性能、去中心化与安全性的权衡及实时服务质量影响。

摘要:

区块链与物联网(IoT)的融合使分布式智能环境中数据交换变得安全、去中心化且可验证。然而,传统区块链框架存在固有的可扩展性限制、有限的吞吐量和高延迟,这与物联网应用如工业自动化、智能医疗和智能交通的严格实时要求相冲突。这些系统需要超低延迟、高交易吞吐量、轻量计算和高效资源利用。本文对最先进的可扩展性解决方案进行了全面、结构化的分析,讨论了层1增强、层2离线处理、基于分片的并行化、边缘和雾计算的整合以及混合共识机制。对每种方法,本文强调了操作原理、性能优势、去中心化与安全性的权衡以及适用于低延迟部署的适用性。此外,实时服务质量考虑被探讨,以理解可扩展性策略如何影响系统响应性、能效和数据完整性。关键的开放挑战,包括可扩展性与安全性的权衡、隐私保护、互操作性和可持续资源管理,已被识别为大规模采用的持续障碍。最后,本文概述了未来的研究方向,强调了自适应和AI驱动的共识算法、量子安全的加密模型、区块链与5G/6G网络的融合以及边缘智能。通过整合多样化的技术洞察和新兴趋势,本文为开发可扩展、安全和可持续的区块链架构以支持实时物联网应用提供了及时的参考。

英文摘要:

The convergence of blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT) enables secure, decentralised, and verifiable data exchange across distributed smart environments. However, traditional blockchain frameworks suffer from inherent scalability constraints, limited throughput, and high latency, which conflict with the stringent real-time requirements of IoT applications such as industrial automation, intelligent healthcare, and smart transportation. These systems demand ultra-low latency, high transaction throughput, lightweight computation, and efficient resource utilisation. This review provides a comprehensive, structured analysis of state-of-the-art scalability solutions specifically adapted to blockchain-enabled IoT. The discussion encompasses Layer 1 enhancements, Layer 2 off-chain processing, sharding-based parallelisation, integration of edge and fog computing, and hybrid consensus mechanisms. For each approach, the review highlights operational principles, performance benefits, trade-offs in decentralisation and security, and suitability for latency-sensitive deployments. Furthermore, real-time quality-of-service considerations are examined to understand how scalability strategies impact system responsiveness, energy efficiency, and data integrity. Key open challenges, including the scalability-security trade-off, privacy preservation, interoperability, and sustainable resource management, have been identified as persistent barriers to large-scale adoption. Finally, the review outlines future research directions, emphasising adaptive and AI-driven consensus algorithms, quantum-safe cryptographic models, the convergence of blockchain with 5G/6G networks, and edge intelligence. By consolidating diverse technical insights and emerging trends, this work serves as a timely reference for developing scalable, secure, and sustainable blockchain architectures for real-time IoT applications.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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