The analytical R-matrix (ARM) theory has been known for an efficient description of the Coulomb effects of the atomic core in strong-field ionization in the nonrelativistic regime. We generalize the ARM theory into the relativistic domain aiming at the application to strong-field ionization of highly-charged ions in ultrastrong laser fields. Comparison with the relativistic Coulomb-corrected strong field approximations (SFA) is provided, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages. The weakly relativistic asymptotics and its accordance with the nondipole Coulomb-corrected SFA are examined. As an example of a physical application of the relativistic ARM, the Coulomb enhancement of tunneling ionization probability for highly-charged ions at the cutoff of the direct channel is discussed.
Interplay between relativistic energy corrections and resonant excitations in x-ray multiphoton ionization dynamics of Xe atoms
本文从理论上研究了重原子的X射线多光子电离动力学。当原子暴露于由X射线自由电子激光（XFEL）产生的强X射线脉冲时，它通过一系列单光子电离和伴随的弛豫过程电离成高电荷离子，并且其最终电荷状态受到可以通过单光子电离电离的最后离子状态的限制。如果X射线多光子电离涉及重原子中的深内壳层电子，则相对论效应引起的能量移动在电离动力学中起重要作用，如[Phys.\修订版本\ Lett. \textbf{110}，173005（2013）]。另一方面，如果X射线束具有宽的能量带宽，则高强度X射线脉冲可以驱动宽范围的离子状态的共振光激发，并且甚至超过直接单光子电离极限，如在[Nature\ Photon.]中首次提出的。\textbf{6}，858（2012）]。为了研究相对论和共振效应，我们扩展了\textsc{xatom}工具包，将相对论能量校正和共振激发在X射线多光子电离动力学计算。计算了光子能量分别为1.5keV和5.5keV的强流XFEL脉冲与双原子相互作用系统的电荷态分布。对于这两种光子能量，我们证明了共振激发的电离动力学的作用是改变由于轨道能级的相对论效应的显着移位。因此，要准确模拟高X射线强度下的多光子多重电离动力学，必须考虑这两种效应。
Relativistic strong-field ionization of hydrogen-like atoms or ions in a constant crossed electromagnetic field is studied. The transition amplitude is formulated within the strong-field approximation in Göppert-Mayer gauge, with initial and final electron states being described by the corresponding Dirac-Coulomb and Dirac-Volkov wave functions, respectively. Coulomb corrections to the electron motion during tunneling are taken into account by adjusting an established method to the present situation. Total and energy-differential ionization rates are calculated and compared with predictions fr…
Wavefunction-splitting or mask method, widely used in the non-relativistic calculations of the photoelectron angular distributions, is extended to the relativistic domain within the dipole approximation. Since the closed-form expressions for the relativistic Volkov states are not available within the dipole approximation, we build such states numerically solving a single second-order differential equation. We calculate the photoelectron energy spectra and angular distributions for highly charged ions under different ionization regimes with both the direct and the relativistic mask methods. We …
A Relativistic Equation-of-motion Coupled-Cluster Investigation of the Trends of Single and Double Ionization Potentials in the He and Be Isoelectronic Systems
We present a detailed experimental and theoretical study on the relativistic non-dipole effects in strong-field atomic ionisation by near-infrared linearly-polarised few-cycle laser pulses in the intensity range 1014 -1015 W/cm2. We record high-resolution photoelectron momentum distributions of argon using a reaction microscope and compare our measurements with a truly ab-initio fully relativistic 3D model based on the time-dependent Dirac equation. We observe counter-intuitive peak shifts of the transverse electron momentum distribution in the direction opposite to that of laser propagation a…
Theoretical calculations based on the Dirac--Coulomb--Breit relativistic coupled cluster method have been carried out for the electron affinities and ionization potentials of the superheavy element nihonium (Nh) and its lighter homologues In and Tl. The In and Tl calculations are in agreement with measurement within uncertainties. For Nh, where experiment is yet unknown, we predict the ionization potential of 7.569(48) eV and electron affinity of 0.776(30) eV.
We analytically compute, in the first Born approximation for symmetric and asymmetric coplanar geometries, the triple differential cross sections for electron-impact ionization of hydrogen atom in the metastable 2S-state at both low and high energies. The process is investigated by using the relativistic Dirac-formalism and it is also shown that the nonrelativistic limit is accurately reproduced when using low incident kinetic energies. At high energies, relativistic and spin effects significantly affect the triple differential cross sections. Our analytical approach which seems exact is compa…
A Comparative Study of Correlation and Relativistic Effects on Atomic Ionization Energy
Damascus University（大马士革大学）；Higher Institute for Laser Research and Applications, Damascus University（大马士革大学激光研究与高等研究院）；International University for Science and Technology（国际科学技术大学）；Antioch Syrian University（安条克叙利亚大学）
The generation of electron vortex states in ionization by intense and short laser pulses is analyzed under the scope of the lowest-order Born approximation. For near infrared laser fields and nonrelativistic intensities of the order of $10^{16}$~W/cm$^2$, we show that one has to modify the nonrelativistic treatment of ionization by accounting for recoil and mass relativistic corrections. By using the corrected quasi-relativistic theory, the requirements for the observation of electron vortex states with non-negligible probability and large topological charge are determined.
We studied nonrelativistic collision of antiproton with hydrogen atom by solving time-dependent Schrodinger equation numerically. Coulomb wave function discrete variable method (CWDVR) had been used to calculate electron wave function evolution, while projectile defined classically, moving along the straight line trajectories with constant velocity. The ionization amplitude calculated by projection of the wave function into continuum wave function of the hydrogen electron. The fully differential cross sections calculated depending on projectile impact energy, scattering angle and electron ejec…
The millicharged particle has become an attractive topic to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. In direct detection experiments, the parameter space of millicharged particles can be constrained from the atomic ionization process. In this work, we develop the relativistic impulse approximation (RIA) approach, which can duel with atomic many-body effects effectively, in the atomic ionization process induced by millicharged particles. The formulation of RIA in the atomic ionization induced by millicharged particles is derived, and the numerical calculations are obtained and compared with tho…
We present the momentum distributions of the nucleus and of the electrons from double ionization of the helium atom by Compton scattering of photons with $hν=40$ keV. We find that the doubly charged ion momentum distribution is very close to the Compton profile of the nucleus in the ground state of the helium atom, and the momentum distribution of the singly charged ion to give a precise image of the electron Compton profile. To reproduce these results, non-relativistic calculations require the use of highly correlated initial- and final-state wavefunctions.
Hole dynamics and spin currents after ionization in strong circularly polarized laser fields
本文应用含时解析R矩阵理论，给出了强圆极化场电离下氪原子中空穴运动的一个实验结果。我们发现丰富的洞动态，从旋转到摆动运动。空穴的运动取决于光电子的最终能量和自旋，并且可以通过激光频率和强度来控制。重要的是，空穴旋转是一种纯粹的非绝热效应，在准静态（绝热）隧穿理论的框架中完全缺失。我们探讨了利用空穴旋转作为测量电离时间的时钟的可能性。通过分析不同电离通道中相对相位的关系，我们发现在短程电子-芯相互作用的情况下，空穴总是沿着激光场的瞬时方向初始排列，这意味着电离的零延迟。最后，我们表明，强场电离在圆形领域创建自旋电流（即不同的流动的自旋和自旋密度在空间）的离子。这种现象与强激光场中自旋极化电子的产生密切相关[Barth I and Smirnova O 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 013401]。我们证明了在强场电离过程中产生的电子和空穴的丰富的自旋动力学可以发生在典型的实验条件下，不需要相对论强度或强磁场。
