毫荷电粒子诱导原子电离过程的相对论冲量近似
Relativistic Impulse Approximation in the Atomic Ionization Process induced by Millicharged Particles
摘要：
毫荷电粒子已成为探索标准模型之外物理的一个有吸引力的课题。在直接探测实验中，毫荷电粒子的参数空间可以从原子电离过程中得到约束。在本工作中，我们发展了相对论冲量近似（RIA）方法，该方法可以有效地对抗原子的多体效应，在原子电离过程中的毫荷电粒子。推导了毫荷电粒子诱导原子电离的RIA公式，并进行了数值计算，与自由电子近似和等效光子近似的结果进行了比较。具体地说，本文研究了在高纯锗（HPGe）和液体氙（LXe）探测器中由毫荷电暗物质粒子和毫荷电中微子引起的原子电离。对HPGe和LXe探测器的微分截面、反应事件率以及下一代实验中对暗物质粒子和中微子毫荷的探测灵敏度进行了估算和计算，给出了一个综合的研究结果。我们的研究结果表明，下一代实验将提高2-3个数量级的暗物质粒子毫荷$δ_χ$比目前最好的直接检测实验的实验范围。此外，下一代实验还将使中微子毫电荷$δ_ν$比目前的实验边界提高2-3倍。
英文摘要：
The millicharged particle has become an attractive topic to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. In direct detection experiments, the parameter space of millicharged particles can be constrained from the atomic ionization process. In this work, we develop the relativistic impulse approximation (RIA) approach, which can duel with atomic many-body effects effectively, in the atomic ionization process induced by millicharged particles. The formulation of RIA in the atomic ionization induced by millicharged particles is derived, and the numerical calculations are obtained and compared with those from free electron approximation and equivalent photon approximation. Concretely, the atomic ionizations induced by mllicharged dark matter particles and millicharged neutrinos in high-purity germanium (HPGe) and liquid xenon (LXe) detectors are carefully studied in this work. The differential cross sections, reaction event rates in HPGe and LXe detectors, and detecting sensitivities on dark matter particle and neutrino millicharge in next-generation HPGe and LXe based experiments are estimated and calculated to give a comprehensive study. Our results suggested that the next-generation experiments would improve 2-3 orders of magnitude on dark matter particle millicharge $δ_χ$ than the current best experimental bounds in direct detection experiments. Furthermore, the next-generation experiments would also improve 2-3 times on neutrino millicharge $δ_ν$ than the current experimental bounds.
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