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arXiv 2302.00732cs.CRcs.AR
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保护高速缓存状态以同时抵御推测执行攻击和侧信道攻击

Protecting Cache States Against Both Speculative Execution Attacks and Side-channel Attacks

Guangyuan Hu, Ruby B. Lee

AI总结:

针对传统缓存时序侧信道与推测执行攻击难以同时防御的问题,提出STAR方法框架并设计STAR-FARR和STAR-NEWS两种安全缓存架构,开销分别仅为5.6%和6.8%。

摘要:

硬件高速缓存是现代处理器中必不可少的性能优化特性,用于降低有效内存访问时间。遗憾的是,它们也是计算机处理器攻击的主要目标,因为它们是用于泄露秘密的高带宽且可靠的侧信道或隐蔽信道。传统的高速缓存时序攻击通常会泄露秘密加密密钥,而近期的推测执行攻击通常会通过高速缓存时序信道泄露任意非法获取的秘密。尽管已有许多针对每一类攻击提出的硬件防御措施,但我们表明,针对传统(非推测性)高速缓存时序信道的防御措施并不适用于所有推测执行攻击,反之亦然。我们主张,一个高速缓存只有能够同时抵御这两大攻击类别,才是安全的。\n 我们提出了一种新的方法和框架,用于覆盖如此相对较大的攻击面,以产生一个推测和时序攻击弹性(STAR)高速缓存子系统。我们利用它设计了两种全面的安全高速缓存架构 STAR-FARR 和 STAR-NEWS,它们分别具有 5.6% 和 6.8% 的极低性能开销。据我们所知,这些是首批同时覆盖非推测性高速缓存侧信道和基于高速缓存的推测执行攻击的安全高速缓存设计。\n 我们的方法可用于组合和检查其他安全高速缓存设计。它还可以扩展到其他攻击类别和硬件系统。此外,我们还强调了随机化高速缓存的内在安全性和性能优势,例如真正的随机替换全相联高速缓存(FARR)以及更低延迟、推测感知的版本(NEWS)。

英文摘要:

Hardware caches are essential performance optimization features in modern processors to reduce the effective memory access time. Unfortunately, they are also the prime targets for attacks on computer processors because they are high-bandwidth and reliable side or covert channels for leaking secrets. Conventional cache timing attacks typically leak secret encryption keys, while recent speculative execution attacks typically leak arbitrary illegally-obtained secrets through cache timing channels. While many hardware defenses have been proposed for each class of attacks, we show that those for conventional (non-speculative) cache timing channels do not work for all speculative execution attacks, and vice versa. We maintain that a cache is not secure unless it can defend against both of these major attack classes. We propose a new methodology and framework for covering such relatively large attack surfaces to produce a Speculative and Timing Attack Resilient (STAR) cache subsystem. We use this to design two comprehensive secure cache architectures, STAR-FARR and STAR-NEWS, that have very low performance overheads of 5.6% and 6.8%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first secure cache designs that cover both non-speculative cache side channels and cache-based speculative execution attacks. Our methodology can be used to compose and check other secure cache designs. It can also be extended to other attack classes and hardware systems. Additionally, we also highlight the intrinsic security and performance benefits of a randomized cache like a real Fully Associative cache with Random Replacement (FARR) and a lower-latency, speculation-aware version (NEWS).

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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