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arXiv 2301.06512cs.RO
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DRL-VO:利用速度障碍学习穿越拥挤动态场景

DRL-VO: Learning to Navigate Through Crowded Dynamic Scenes Using Velocity Obstacles

Temple University(天普大学)

Zhanteng Xie, Philip Dames

AI总结:

本文提出一种基于速度障碍的强化学习控制策略,使移动机器人在密集动态场景中高效导航,实现高成功率与速度平衡,并具备跨环境泛化能力。

摘要:

本文提出了一种新颖的基于学习的控制策略,该策略对新环境具有很强的泛化能力,使移动机器人能够在充满静态障碍物和密集行人人群的空间中自主导航。该策略使用输入数据的独特组合来生成期望的转向角和前进速度:一段短期的激光雷达数据历史、附近行人的运动学数据以及一个子目标点。该策略在强化学习环境中进行训练,其奖励函数包含一个基于速度障碍的新项,以引导机器人主动避开行人并朝目标移动。通过一系列包含多达55个行人的3D模拟实验,该控制策略能够在避障与速度之间取得更好的平衡(即更高的成功率和更快的平均速度),优于最先进的基于模型和基于学习的策略,并且对不同的人群规模和未见过的环境具有更好的泛化能力。一系列广泛的硬件实验证明了该策略能够在不同真实世界环境、不同人群规模下直接工作,且无需重新训练。此外,一系列模拟和硬件实验表明,该控制策略也能在高度受限的静态环境中,在另一机器人平台上无需额外训练即可工作。最后,总结了若干可应用于其他机器人学习系统的重要经验。多媒体演示可在 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KneELRT8GzU&list=PLouWbAcP4zIvPgaARrV223lf2eiSR-eSS 获取。

英文摘要:

This paper proposes a novel learning-based control policy with strong generalizability to new environments that enables a mobile robot to navigate autonomously through spaces filled with both static obstacles and dense crowds of pedestrians. The policy uses a unique combination of input data to generate the desired steering angle and forward velocity: a short history of lidar data, kinematic data about nearby pedestrians, and a sub-goal point. The policy is trained in a reinforcement learning setting using a reward function that contains a novel term based on velocity obstacles to guide the robot to actively avoid pedestrians and move towards the goal. Through a series of 3D simulated experiments with up to 55 pedestrians, this control policy is able to achieve a better balance between collision avoidance and speed (i.e., higher success rate and faster average speed) than state-of-the-art model-based and learning-based policies, and it also generalizes better to different crowd sizes and unseen environments. An extensive series of hardware experiments demonstrate the ability of this policy to directly work in different real-world environments with different crowd sizes with zero retraining. Furthermore, a series of simulated and hardware experiments show that the control policy also works in highly constrained static environments on a different robot platform without any additional training. Lastly, several important lessons that can be applied to other robot learning systems are summarized. Multimedia demonstrations are available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KneELRT8GzU&list=PLouWbAcP4zIvPgaARrV223lf2eiSR-eSS.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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