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arXiv 2212.06403cond-mat.str-el
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反铁磁铁基磁电化合物

Antiferromagnetic iron based magnetoelectric compounds

S. W. Lovesey

AI总结:

本研究通过朗道自由能和磁电不变性,在铁碲酸盐和自旋梯化合物中识别出狄拉克单极子等磁电多极子,并揭示其对称性对衍射和克尔效应的影响。

摘要:

受益于电场和磁场线性耦合的化合物的朗道自由能包括两个场的乘积,一个是极性的且时间偶的,另一个是轴向的且时间奇的。在磁电(ME)化合物中,某些原子磁张量的期望值在反演反对称操作下保持不变。这种不变性为狄拉克单极子(麦克斯韦方程组中允许但尚未观测到的电荷元素)和泽尔多维奇环极子(也称为狄拉克偶极子)所共有。从材料科学的角度来看,已经确定狄拉克多极子对X射线和中子的衍射有贡献。我们在铁碲酸盐(Fe2TeO6)和自旋梯(SrFe2S2O)的体磁性质中识别出狄拉克单极子。上述两种化合物均呈现轴向偶极子的简单反铁磁构型,并且它们不同的磁晶类允许线性磁电效应。然而,克尔效应在自旋梯中是对称允许的,而在铁碲酸盐中是被禁止的。环极子在铁碲酸盐中被禁止,而在自旋梯化合物中被允许,这一差异在完全由对称性决定的衍射图案中显而易见。更一般地,我们识别出一系列狄拉克多极子,以及超越偶极子的轴向多极子,这些可以在未来的实验中使用标准技术,通过将中子或X射线束的能量调谐到铁原子共振处而观察到。磁电不变性对中子(X射线)衍射振幅的核(电荷)和磁贡献之间施加了相位关系。因此,X射线图案中布拉格斑点的强度在初级束的螺旋度反转时不会改变。类似的效果也发生在极化中子的磁衍射中。

英文摘要:

The Landau free-energy of a compound that benefits from a linear coupling of an electric field and a magnetic field includes a product of the two fields, one polar and time-even and one axial and time-odd. In ME compounds, expectation values of some atomic magnetic tensors are invariant with respect to anti-inversion. An invariance shared by the Dirac monopole (an element of charge allowed in Maxwell's equations that has not been observed) and a Zeldovich anapole, also known as a Dirac dipole. From the science of materials perspective, it has been established that Dirac multipoles contribute to the diffraction of x-rays and neutrons. We identify Dirac monopoles in bulk magnetic properties of iron tellurate (Fe2TeO6) and a spin ladder (SrFe2S2O). Both cited compounds present a simple antiferromagnetic configuration of axial dipoles, and their different magnetic crystal classes allow a linear ME effect. However, the Kerr effect is symmetry allowed in the spin ladder and forbidden in iron tellurate. Anapoles are forbidden in iron tellurate and allowed in the spin ladder compound, a difference evident in diffraction patterns fully informed by symmetry. More generally, we identify a raft of Dirac multipoles, and axial multipoles beyond dipoles, visible in future experiments using standard techniques with beams of neutrons or x-rays tuned in energy to an iron atomic resonance. ME invariance imposes a phase relationship between nuclear (charge) and magnetic contributions to neutron (x-ray) diffraction amplitudes. In consequence, intensities of Bragg spots in an x-ray pattern do not change when helicity in the primary beam is reversed. A like effect occurs in the magnetic diffraction of polarized neutrons.

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