We present here basic results in Lipschitz Geometry of semialgebraic surface germs. Although bi-Lipschitz classification problem of surface germs with respect to the inner metric was solved long ago, classification with respect to the outer metric remains an open problem. We review recent results related to the outer and ambient bi-Lipschitz classification of surface germs. In particular, we explain why the outer Lipschitz classification is much harder than the inner classification, and why the ambient Lipschitz Geometry of surface germs is very different from their outer Lipschitz Geometry. In particular, we show that the ambient Lipschitz Geometry of surface germs includes all of the Knot Theory.
A link at the origin of an isolated singularity of a two-dimensional semialgebraic surface in $\mathbb{R}^4$ is a topological knot (or link) in $S^3$. We study the connection between the ambient Lipschitz geometry of semialgebraic surface germs in $\mathbb{R}^4$ and the knot theory. Namely, for any knot $K$, we construct a surface $X_K$ in $\mathbb{R}^4$ such that: the link at the origin of $X_{K}$ is a trivial knot; the germs $X_K$ are outer bi-Lipschitz equivalent for all $K$; two germs $X_{K}$ and $X_{K'}$ are ambient bi-Lipschitz equivalent only if the knots $K$ and $K'$ are isotopic. We s…
We consider a special case of the outer bi-Lipschitz classification of real semialgebraic (or, more general, definable in a polynomially bounded o-minimal structure) surface germs, obtained as a union of two normally embedded Hölder triangles. We define a combinatorial invariant of an equivalence class of such surface germs, called $στ$-pizza, and conjecture that, in this special case, it is a complete combinatorial invariant of outer bi-Lipschitz equivalence.
We study outer Lipschitz geometry of real semialgebraic or, more general, definable in a polynomially bounded o-minimal structure over the reals, surface germs. In particular, any definable Hölder triangle is either Lipschitz normally embedded or contains some "abnormal" arcs. We show that abnormal arcs constitute finitely many "abnormal zones" in the space of all arcs, and investigate geometric and combinatorial properties of abnormal surface germs. We establish a strong relation between geometry and combinatorics of abnormal Hölder triangles.
The aim of this paper to introduce the reader to a recent point of view on the Lipschitz classifications of complex singularities. It presents the complete classification of Lipschitz geometry of complex plane curves singularities and in particular, it introduces the so-called bubble trick and bubble trick with jumps which are key tools to study Lipschitz geometry of germs. It describes also the thick-thin decomposition of a normal complex surface singularity and built two geometric decompositions of a normal surface germ into standard pieces which are invariant by respectively inner and outer…
We study the Lipschitz Geometry of Complex Algebraic Singularities. For this purpose we introduce the notion of choking horns. A Choking horn is a family of cycles on the family of the sections of an algebraic variety by very small spheres centered at a singular point, such that the cycles cannot be boundaries of nearby chains. The presence of choking horns is an obstruction to metric conicalness as we can see with some classical isolated hypersurfaces singularities which we prove are not metrically conic. We also show that there exist infinitely countably many singular varieties, which are lo…
We show that a weighted homogeneous complex surface singularity is metrically conical (i.e., bi-Lipschitz equivalent to a metric cone) only if its two lowest weights are equal. We also give an example of a pair of weighted homogeneous complex surface singularities that are topologically equivalent but not bi-Lipschitz equivalent.
A quasiconformal tree is a doubling metric tree in which the diameter of each arc is bounded above by a fixed multiple of the distance between its endpoints. We study the geometry of these trees in two directions. First, we construct a catalog of metric trees in a purely combinatorial way, and show that every quasiconformal tree is bi-Lipschitz equivalent to one of the trees in our catalog. This is inspired by results of Herron-Meyer and Rohde for quasi-arcs. Second, we show that a quasiconformal tree bi-Lipschitz embeds in a Euclidean space if and only if its set of leaves admits such an embe…
Large-scale sublinearly Lipschitz maps have been introduced by Yves Cornulier in order to precisely state his theorems about asymptotic cones of Lie groups. In particular, Sublinearly biLipschitz Equivalences (SBE) are a weak variant of quasiisometries, with the only requirement of still inducing biLipschitz maps at the level of asymptotic cones. We focus here on hyperbolic metric spaces and study properties of their boundary extensions, reminiscent of quasiM{ö}bius mappings. We give a dimensional invariant on the boundary that allows to distinguish hyperbolic symmetric spaces up to SBE, answe…
We prove a Lipschitz-Volume rigidity theorem in Alexandrov geometry, that is, if a 1-Lipschitz map $f\colon X=\amalg X_\ell\to Y$ between Alexandrov spaces preserves volume, then it is a path isometry and an isometry when restricted to the interior of $X$. We furthermore characterize the metric structure on $Y$ with respect to $X$ when $f$ is also onto. This implies the converse of Petrunin's Gluing Theorem: if a gluing of two Alexandrov spaces via a bijection between their boundaries produces an Alexandrov space, then the bijection must be an isometry.
In this article we start a systematic study of the bi-Lipschitz geometry of lamplighter graphs. We prove that lamplighter graphs over trees bi-Lipschitzly embed into Hamming cubes with distortion at most~$6$. It follows that lamplighter graphs over countable trees bi-Lipschitzly embed into $\ell_1$. We study the metric behaviour of the operation of taking the lamplighter graph over the vertex-coalescence of two graphs. Based on this analysis, we provide metric characterizations of superreflexivity in terms of lamplighter graphs over star graphs or rose graphs. Finally, we show that the presenc…
The goal of this paper is to study geometric and extremal properties of the convex body $B_{\mathcal F(M)}$, which is the unit ball of the Lipschitz-free Banach space associated with a finite metric space $M$. We investigate $\ell_1$ and $\ell_\infty$-sums, in particular we characterize the metric spaces such that $B_{\mathcal F(M)}$ is a Hanner polytope. We also characterize the finite metric spaces whose Lipschitz-free spaces are isometric. We discuss the extreme properties of the volume product $\mathcal{P}(M)=|B_{\mathcal F(M)}|\cdot|B_{\mathcal F(M)}^\circ|$, when the number of elements o…
In this paper, we study the question of classifying self-similar sets under bi-Lipschitz mappings and obtain an important bi-Lipschitz invariant, which is an ideal of a ring related to IFS. Roughly speaking, different Lipschitz equivalence classes of self-similar sets correspond to different ideal classes of a related ring. This result reveals an interesting relationship between the Lipschitz classification problem in fractal geometry and the Gauss class number problem in algebraic number theory.
Elementary sub-Riemannian geometry on the Heisenberg group H(n) provides a compact picture of symplectic geometry. Any Hamiltonian diffeomorphism on $R^{2n}$ lifts to a volume preserving bi-Lipschitz homeomorphisms of H(n), with the use of its generating function. Any curve of a flow of such homeomorphisms deviates from horizontality by the Hamiltonian of the flow. From the metric point of view this means that any such curve has Hausdorff dimension 2 and the $\mathcal{H}^{2}$ (area) density equal to the Hamiltonian. The non-degeneracy of the Hofer distance is a direct consequence of this fact.
This paper deals with the problem of finding bi-Lipschitz behavior in non-degenerate Lipschitz maps between metric measure spaces. Specifically, we study maps from (subsets of) Ahlfors regular PI spaces into sub-Riemannian Carnot groups. We prove that such maps have many bi-Lipschitz tangents, verifying a conjecture of Semmes. As a stronger conclusion, one would like to know whether such maps decompose into countably many bi-Lipschitz pieces. We show that this is true when the Carnot group is Euclidean. For general Carnot targets, we show that the existence of a bi-Lipschitz decomposition is e…
This is one of a series of papers examining the interplay between differentiation theory for Lipschitz maps, X-->V, and bi-Lipschitz nonembeddability, where X is a metric measure space and V is a Banach space. Here, we consider the case V=L^1 where differentiability fails. We establish another kind of differentiability for certain X, including R^n and H, the Heisenberg group with its Carnot-Cartheodory metric. It follows that H does not bi-Lipschitz embed into L^1, as conjectured by J. Lee and A. Naor. When combined with their work, this provides a natural counter example to the Goemans-Linial…
In this article, the bi-Lipschitz embeddability of the sequence of countably branching diamond graphs $(D_k^ω)_{k\in\mathbb{N}}$ is investigated. In particular it is shown that for every $\varepsilon>0$ and $k\in\mathbb{N}$, $D_k^ω$ embeds bi-Lipschiztly with distortion at most $6(1+\varepsilon)$ into any reflexive Banach space with an unconditional asymptotic structure that does not admit an equivalent asymptotically uniformly convex norm. On the other hand it is shown that the sequence $(D_k^ω)_{k\in\mathbb{N}}$ does not admit an equi-bi-Lipschitz embedding into any Banach space that has an …
