为什么人们对人类和机器的评判不同：感知能动性与体验的作用
Why people judge humans differently from machines: The role of perceived agency and experience
AI总结：
通过随机实验操纵机器的能动性与体验感知，研究发现能动性感知而非体验感知使人们对机器的道德评判更接近对人类，揭示了心智感知模型中能动性的关键作用。
摘要：
众所周知，人们倾向于用功利主义道德哲学来评判人工智能，而用强调感知意图的道德哲学来评判人类。但为什么人们对人类和机器的评判会不同？心理学研究表明，人们可能对人类和机器持有不同的心智感知模型，因此会以更接近对待人类的方式来对待类人机器人。本文介绍了一项随机实验，我们操纵了人们对机器能动性（例如计划、行动的能力）和体验（例如感受的能力）的感知，以探究当机器在这两个维度上被认为与人类更相似时，人们是否也会以更接近评判人类的方式评判机器。我们发现，当人们认为机器具有更多能动性而非更多体验时，他们对机器的评判会变得更接近对人类的评判。我们的研究结果表明，人们使用不同的道德哲学来评判人类和机器，可以通过心智感知模型的递进来解释，其中能动性感知起着突出作用。这些发现补充了已有证据，表明人们对机器的评判会变得更接近对人类的评判，从而推动进一步研究调节人们对人类和机器行为评判的维度。
英文摘要：
People are known to judge artificial intelligence using a utilitarian moral philosophy and humans using a moral philosophy emphasizing perceived intentions. But why do people judge humans and machines differently? Psychology suggests that people may have different mind perception models of humans and machines, and thus, will treat human-like robots more similarly to the way they treat humans. Here we present a randomized experiment where we manipulated people's perception of machine agency (e.g., ability to plan, act) and experience (e.g., ability to feel) to explore whether people judge machines that are perceived to be more similar to humans along these two dimensions more similarly to the way they judge humans. We find that people's judgments of machines become more similar to that of humans when they perceive machines as having more agency but not more experience. Our findings indicate that people's use of different moral philosophies to judge humans and machines can be explained by a progression of mind perception models where the perception of agency plays a prominent role. These findings add to the body of evidence suggesting that people's judgment of machines becomes more similar to that of humans motivating further work on dimensions modulating people's judgment of human and machine actions.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
