发表机构
Adam Mickiewicz University（亚当·密茨凯维奇大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究结合恐惧习得理论与技术接受模型，通过两项实验发现间接接触强调AI主导的叙事会引发AI失业焦虑，且该效应受AI感知有用性调节，为AI相关工作恐惧的产生提供了机制性解释。
AI 中文摘要
随着人工智能（AI）的快速普及，以及人们对失业的担忧加剧，AI导致的失业焦虑背后的心理机制仍未得到充分理解。本研究借鉴整合恐惧习得理论（Integrated Fear Acquisition Theory）与技术接受模型（Technology Acceptance Model），探究通过间接接触强调AI主导人类控制的叙事是否会引发AI失业焦虑，以及AI的感知有用性和感知易用性是否会调节这一反应。两项研究均将AI失业焦虑视为通过间接接触强调AI能动性与人类控制丧失的叙事产生的反应，而非源于个人失业的直接经历。研究1采用随机实验设计（样本量N=316），结果显示此类接触会加剧AI失业焦虑；该效应受AI感知有用性的调节，但不受感知易用性的影响，且在控制核心自我评价后仍保持稳健。研究2（样本量N=995）采用观察性设计，重复验证了AI主导人类控制的感知与失业焦虑之间的关联，并为感知有用性的调节作用提供了聚合证据，支持了研究结果的外部效度。综上，研究结果提供了首个因果证据，表明感知过程与间接接触过程可触发AI失业焦虑；该研究将关注点从劳动力市场的结构性条件转向AI能动性的感知与传播方式，为AI相关工作恐惧产生的时间与原因提供了基于机制的解释。
英文摘要
As artificial intelligence (AI) rapidly diffuses and concerns about job displacement intensify, the psychological mechanisms underlying AI job replacement anxiety remain insufficiently understood. Drawing on Integrated Fear Acquisition Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model, the present research investigates whether AI job replacement anxiety can be elicited through vicarious exposure to narratives emphasizing AI-over-human control, and whether perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of AI moderate this response. Across two studies, we examine AI job replacement anxiety as a response that emerges through vicarious exposure to narratives emphasizing AI agency and human control loss, rather than through direct personal experience of job displacement. Study 1 employed a randomized experiment (N = 316), demonstrating that such exposure increased AI job replacement anxiety. This effect was moderated by perceived usefulness of AI, but not by perceived ease of use, and remained robust after controlling for core self-evaluations. Study 2 (N = 995) replicated the association between perceived AI-over-human control and job replacement anxiety in an observational design and provided convergent evidence for the moderating role of perceived usefulness, supporting the external validity of the findings. Together, the results provide the first causal evidence that perceptual and vicarious processes can trigger AI job replacement anxiety. By shifting attention from structural labor-market conditions to how AI agency is perceived and communicated, this work offers a mechanism-based account of when and why AI-related job fears arise.
