Rimma Hämäläinen, Jason Lo, Edward Morales
On an elliptic surface or threefold, Catalan numbers appear when one tries to compute the autoequivalence group action on the Bridgeland stability manifold. We explain why this happens by identifying a class of equations in the Chow ring of a fibration, where the solutions always involve Catalan numbers.
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For complete intersection Calabi-Yau manifolds in toric varieties, Gross and Haase-Zharkov have given a conjectural combinatorial description of the special Lagrangian torus fibrations whose existence was predicted by Strominger, Yau and Zaslow. We present a geometric version of this construction, generalizing an earlier conjecture of the first author.
We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the derived self-intersection of a smooth subscheme inside a smooth scheme to be a fibration over the subscheme. As a consequence we deduce a generalized HKR isomorphism. We also investigate the relationship of our result to path spaces in homotopy theory, Buchweitz-Flenner formality in algebraic geometry, and draw parallels with similar results in Lie theory and symplectic geometry.
We construct a semiorthogonal decomposition of the derived category of coherent sheaves on a quadric fibration consisting of several copies of the derived category of the base of the fibration and the derived category of coherent sheaves of modules over the sheaf of even parts of the Clifford algebras on the base corresponding to this quadric fibration, generalizing the Kapranov's description of the derived category of a single quadric. As an application we verify that the noncommutative algebraic variety $(\PP(S^2W^*),\CB_0)$, where $\CB_0$ is the universal sheaf of even parts of Clifford alg…
We consider the construction of Calabi-Yau varieties recently generalized to where the defining equations may have negative degrees over some projective space factors in the embedding space. Within such "generalized complete intersection" Calabi-Yau ("gCICY") three-folds, we find several sequences of distinct manifolds. These include both novel elliptic and K3-fibrations and involve Hirzebruch surfaces and their higher dimensional analogues. En route, we generalize the standard techniques of cohomology computation to these generalized complete intersection Calabi-Yau varieties.
We prove several results concerning the intersection cohomology and the perverse filtration associated with a Lagrangian fibration of an irreducible symplectic variety. We first show that the perverse numbers only depend on the deformation equivalence class of the ambient variety. Then we compute the border of the perverse diamond, which further yields a complete description of the intersection cohomology of the Lagrangian base and the invariant cohomology classes of the fibers. Lastly, we identify the perverse and Hodge numbers of intersection cohomology when the irreducible symplectic variet…
We investigate the mathematical properties of the class of Calabi-Yau four-folds recently found in [arXiv:1303.1832]. This class consists of 921,497 configuration matrices which correspond to manifolds that are described as complete intersections in products of projective spaces. For each manifold in the list, we compute the full Hodge diamond as well as additional topological invariants such as Chern classes and intersection numbers. Using this data, we conclude that there are at least 36,779 topologically distinct manifolds in our list. We also study the fibration structure of these manifold…
We prove that certain numbers occurring in a problem of paths enumeration, studied by Niederhausen (Catlan Traffic at the Beach, The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 9, (2002), 1--17), are top intersection numbers in the cohomology ring of the grassmannians of the lines in the complex projective (n+1)-space.
Symmetric tensors on the intersection of two quadrics and Lagrangian fibration
本文证明两个二次曲面光滑交 X 上的对称张量代数为 n 元多项式代数，并构造余切丛到 C^n 的 Lagrangian 纤维化，刻画其一般纤维及 n=3 时与 Hitchin 纤维化的关系。
Let X -> Y be a fibration whose fibers are complete intersections of two quadrics. We develop new categorical and algebraic tools---a theory of relative homological projective duality and the Morita invariance of the even Clifford algebra under quadric reduction by hyperbolic splitting---to study semiorthogonal decompositions of the bounded derived category of X. Together with new results in the theory of quadratic forms, we apply these tools in the case where X -> Y has relative dimension 1, 2, or 3, in which case the fibers are curves of genus 1, Del Pezzo surfaces of degree 4, or Fano three…
Intersection of two quadrics: modular interpretation and Hitchin morphism
本文证明两个二次曲面光滑交的余切丛上的拉格朗日纤维化在赋予扭曲 Spin-丛模空间结构后即为希钦态射，从而推广了三维情形下的经典结果。
In this article, we construct the Hitchin fibration for groups following the scheme outlined by Frenkel-Ngo in the case of SL_{2}. This construction uses as a decisive tool the Vinberg's semigroup. The total space of Hitchin is obtained by taking the fiber product of the Hecke stack with the diagonal of the stack of G-bundles $Bun_{G}$; we prove a transversality statement between the intersection complex of the Hecke stack and the diagonal of $Bun_{G}$, over a sufficiently big open subset, in order to get local applications, such that the fundamental lemma for the spherical Hecke algebra. Alon…
Non-archimedean SYZ fibrations via tropical contractions
本文通过热带收缩映射，证明了Batyrev-Borisov完全交的环退化中，对偶相交复形与Berkovich解析化的基本骨架同构，并构造了仿射环面纤维化。
We prove that a fibration X \to \Bbb P_1, the general fiber of which is a smooth Fano threefold, is rationally connected. The proof is based on a generalization of Tsen's classical theorem: a fibration X/C over a curve the general fiber of which is a Fano complete intersection in a product of weighted projective spaces has a section.
We present a study of certain singular one-parameter subfamilies of Calabi-Yau threefolds realized as anticanonical hypersurfaces or complete intersections in toric varieties. Our attention to these families is motivated by the Doran-Morgan classification of variations of Hodge structure which can underlie families of Calabi-Yau threefolds with $h^{2,1} = 1$ over the thrice-punctured sphere. We explore their torically induced fibrations by $M$-polarized K3 surfaces and use these fibrations to construct an explicit geometric transition between an anticanonical hypersurface and a nef complete in…
We present a novel technique to obtain base independent expressions for the matter loci of fibrations of complete intersection Calabi-Yau onefolds in toric ambient spaces. These can be used to systematically construct elliptically and genus one fibered Calabi-Yau $d$-folds that lead to desired gauge groups and spectra in F-theory. The technique, which we refer to as GV-spectroscopy, is based on the calculation of fiber Gopakumar-Vafa invariants using the Batyrev-Borisov construction of mirror pairs and application of the so-called Frobenius method to the data of a parametrized auxiliary polyto…
We consider fibrations by affine lines on smooth affine surfaces obtained as complements of smooth rational curves $B$ in smooth projective surfaces $X$ defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. We observe that except for two exceptions, these surfaces $X \setminus B$ admit infinitely many families of $\mathbb{A}^1$-fibrations over the projective line with irreducible fibers and a unique singular fiber of arbitrarily large multiplicity. For $\mathbb{A}^1$-fibrations over the affine line, we give a new and essentially self-contained proof that the set of equivalence cla…
We introduce and study a new notion of stability for varieties fibered over curves, motivated by Kollár's stability for homogeneous polynomials with integral coefficients. We develop tools to study geometric properties of stable birational models of fibrations whose fibers are complete intersections in weighted projective spaces. As an application, we prove the existence of standard models of threefold degree one and two del Pezzo fibrations, settling a conjecture of Corti from 1996.
We construct a $14$-dimensional affine variety $Σ^{14}_{\mathbb{A}}$ with a $\rm{GL}_3$- and a $(\mathbb{C}^*)^6$-actions. We denote by $Σ^{13}_{\mathbb{A}}$ the affine variety obtained from $Σ^{14}_{\mathbb{A}}$ by setting one specified variable to $1$ (we refer the precise definition to Definition 1.1 of the paper). We show that several weighted projectivizations of $Σ^{13}_{\mathbb{A}}$ and $Σ^{14}_{\mathbb{A}}$ produce, as weighted complete intersections, examples of prime $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano threefolds of codimension four belonging to $24$ classes of the graded ring database. Except No.360 …
Compactified Jacobians of Extended ADE Curves and Lagrangian Fibrations
本文提出扩展 ADE 曲线概念，描述其紧化雅可比簇分支与相交图的关系，并给出 Beauville-Mukai 型拉格朗日纤维化一般奇异纤维的显式描述。
The Gromov-Witten theory of threefolds admitting a smooth K3 fibration can be solved in terms of the Noether-Lefschetz intersection numbers of the fibration and the reduced invariants of a K3 surface. Toward a generalization of this result to families with singular fibers, we introduce completed Noether-Lefschetz numbers using toroidal compactifications of the period space of elliptic K3 surfaces. As an application, we prove quasi-modularity for some genus 0 partition functions of Weierstrass fibrations over ruled surfaces, and show that they satisfy a holomorphic anomaly equation.
We prove a criterion of nonsingularity of a complete intersection of two fiberwise quadrics in a scroll over $P^1$. As a corollary we derive the following addition to the Alexeev theorem on rationality of standard Del Pezzo fibrations of degree 4 over $P^1$: we prove that any fibration of this kind with the topological Euler characteristic -4 is rational.
We complete the analysis on the birational rigidity of quasismooth Fano 3-fold deformation families appearing in the Graded Ring Database as a complete intersection. When such a deformation family $X$ has Fano index at least 2 and is minimally embedded in a weighted projective space in codimension 2, we determine which cyclic quotient singularity is a maximal centre. If a cyclic quotient singularity is a maximal centre, we construct a Sarkisov link to a non-isomorphic Mori fibre space or a birational involution. This allows, in particular, the construction of new examples of Fano 3-folds of co…
We consider the stable ruled surface $S_1$ over an elliptic curve. There is a unique foliation on $S_1$ transverse to the fibration. The minimal self-intersection sections also define a 2-web. We prove that the 4-web defined by the fibration, the foliation and the 2-web is locally parallelizable.
Let Q -> B be a quadric fibration and T -> B a family of sextic du Val del Pezzo surfaces. Making use of the recent theory of noncommutative mixed motives, we establish a precise relation between the Schur-finiteness conjecture for Q, resp. for T, and the Schur-finiteness conjecture for B. As an application, we prove the Schur-finiteness conjecture for Q, resp. for T, when B is low-dimensional. Along the way, we obtain a proof of the Schur-finiteness conjecture for smooth complete intersections of two or three quadric hypersurfaces. Finally, we prove similar results for the Bass-finiteness con…
In this paper we study minimal algebraic surfaces with $p_g=q=1,K^2=4$ and nonhyperelliptic Albanese fibrations of genus 4. We construct for the first time a family of such surfaces as complete intersections of type $(2,3)$ in a $\mathbb{P}^3$-bundle over an elliptic curve. For the surfaces we construct here, the direct image of the canonical sheaf under the Albanese map is decomposable (which is a topological invariant property). Moreover we prove that, all minimal surfaces with $p_g=q=1,K^2=4$ and nonhyperelliptic Albanese fibrations of genus 4 such that the direct image of the canonical she…
We study threefolds X in a projective space having as hyperplane section a smooth surface with an elliptic fibration. We first give a general theorem about the possible embeddings of such surfaces with Picard number two. More precise results are then proved for Weierstrass fibrations, both of rank two and higher. In particular we prove that a Weierstrass fibration of rank two that is not a K3 surface is not hyperplane section of a locally complete intersection threefold and we give some conditions, for many embeddings of Weierstrass fibrations of any rank, under which every such threefold must…
Generating functions for intersection products of divisors in resolved F-theory models
本文提出一种基于生成函数的高效算法，用于计算 F-theory Tate 模型解消中除子的相交数，显著降低计算时间，并给出秩至二十的显式结果。
We use the latest techniques in machine-learning to study whether from the landscape of Calabi-Yau manifolds one can distinguish elliptically fibred ones. Using the dataset of complete intersections in products of projective spaces (CICY3 and CICY4, totalling about a million manifolds) as a concrete playground, we find that a relatively simple neural network with forward-feeding multi-layers can very efficiently distinguish the elliptic fibrations, much more so than using the traditional methods of manipulating the defining equations. We cross-check with control cases to ensure that the AI is …
Strong approximation for the intersection of two quadrics
本文研究两个仿射二次曲面交集的强逼近问题，并将其应用于证明秩四数域上非分裂纤维由二次扩张分裂情形下的弱逼近纤维化方法。
In our previous research, we constructed the affine varieties $Σ_{\mathbb{A}}^{13}$ and $Π_{\mathbb{A}}^{14}$ whose partial projectivizations admit $\mathbb{P}^{2}\times\mathbb{P}^{2}$-fibrations with relative Picard number one. In this paper, we produce prime quasi-smooth $\mathbb{Q}$-Fano 3-folds which are anticanonically embedded of codimension four and belong to 23 (resp.8) classes in the Graded Ring Database [GRDB], as weighted complete intersections in weighted projectivizations of $Σ_{\mathbb{A}}^{13}$ (resp.$Π_{\mathbb{A}}^{14}$ or its cone). We also show that a general member of the a…
A D5 elliptic fibration is a fibration whose generic fiber is modeled by the complete intersection of two quadric surfaces in P3. They provide simple examples of elliptic fibrations admitting a rich spectrum of singular fibers (not all on the list of Kodaira) without introducing singularities in the total space of the fibration and therefore avoiding a discussion of their resolutions. We study systematically the fiber geometry of such fibrations using Segre symbols and compute several topological invariants. We present for the first time Sen's (orientifold) limits for D5 elliptic fibrations. T…
We study the geometry of elliptic fibrations given by Weierstrass models resulting from Step 6 of Tate's algorithm. Such elliptic fibrations have a discriminant locus containing an irreducible component $S$, over which the generic fiber is of Kodaira type I$^*_0$. In string geometry, these geometries are used to geometrically engineer G$_2$, Spin($7$), and Spin($8$) gauge theories. We give sufficient conditions for the existence of crepant resolutions. When they exist, we give a complete description of all crepant resolutions and show explicitly how the network of flops matches the Coulomb bra…
In this paper we study compactifications of the ${\cal N}=2$ heterotic $E_8\times E_8$ string on $(K3\times T^2)/\mathbb{Z}_3$ with various gauge backgrounds and calculate the topological couplings in the effective supergravity action that arise from one-loop amplitudes. We then identify candidates for dual type IIA compactifications on Calabi-Yau threefolds and compare the heterotic results with the corresponding topological string amplitudes. We find that the dual Calabi-Yau geometries are $K3$ fibrations that are also genus one fibered with three-sections. Moreover, we show that the interse…
Rational fibered cubic fourfolds
该研究在三次四折体模空间中探究多类已知有理三次除子的交，刻画其不可约分支，给出新的有理del Pezzo曲面或二次曲面纤维化三次四折体显式例子，并研究纤维化有理截面与Brauer类的对应关系。
Given a symplectic cohomology class of degree 1, we define the notion of an equivariant Lagrangian submanifold. The Floer cohomology of equivariant Lagrangian submanifolds has a natural endomorphism, which induces a grading by generalized eigenspaces. Taking Euler characteristics with respect to the induced grading yields a deformation of the intersection number. Dehn twists act naturally on equivariant Lagrangians. Cotangent bundles and Lefschetz fibrations give fully computable examples. A key step in computations is to impose the "dilation" condition stipulating that the BV operator applied…
We prove that the Klein cubic threefold $F$ is the only smooth cubic threefold which has an automorphism of order 11. We compute the period lattice of the intermediate Jacobian of $F$ and study its Fano surface $S$. We compute also the set of fibrations of $S$ onto a curve of positive genus and the intersection between the fibres of these fibrations. These fibres generate an index 2 sub-group of the Néron-Severi group and we obtain a set of generators of this group. The Néron-Severi group of $S$ has rank $25=h^{1,1}$ and discriminant $11^{10}$.
We prove that for two germs of analytic mappings $f,g\colon (\mathbb{C}^n,0) \rightarrow (\mathbb{C}^p,0)$ with the same Newton polyhedra which are (Khovanskii) non-degenerate and their zero sets are complete intersections with isolated singularity at the origin, there is a piecewise analytic family $\{f_t\}$ of analytic maps with $f_0=f, f_1=g$ which has a so-called {\it uniform stable radius for the Milnor fibration}. As a corollary, we show that their Milnor numbers are equal. Also, a formula for the Milnor number is given in terms of the Newton polyhedra of the component functions. This is…
$K$-Orbit closures and Hessenberg varieties
本文研究具有两个特征值的半单算子相关的Hessenberg簇与一般线性群球面子群轨道闭包的关系，确立了其不可约条件与维数，并证明其数量为Catalan数，同时计算了上同调类的多项式代表元及与Schubert超平面截面的无重数交集。
We explore Bott Vanishing for elliptic surfaces over $\mathbb{P}^1$. We show that Bott Vanishing is singnificantly affected by the geometric properties that whether there exists certain type of singular fibers on the elliptic fibration such as cuspidal fibers. For ample line bundle on the surface with large self-intersection, these geometric properties give criteria for Bott Vanishing.
We study the topology of toric maps. We show that if $f\colon X\to Y$ is a proper toric morphism, with $X$ simplicial, then the cohomology of every fiber of $f$ is pure and of Hodge-Tate type. When the map is a fibration, we give an explicit formula for the Betti numbers of the fibers in terms of a relative version of the $f$-vector, extending the usual formula for the Betti numbers of a simplicial complete toric variety. We then describe the Decomposition Theorem for a toric fibration, giving in particular a nonnegative combinatorial invariant attached to each cone in the fan of $Y$, which is…
We construct a $15$-dimensional affine variety $Π_{\mathbb{A}}^{15}$ with a ${\rm GL}_{2}$- and $(\mathbb{C}^{*})^{4}$-actions. We denote by $Π_{\mathbb{A}}^{14}$ the affine variety obtained from $Π_{\mathbb{A}}^{15}$ by setting one specified variable to $1$ (we refer the precise definition to Definition 1.1 of the paper). Let $Π_{\mathbb{P}}^{13}$ be several weighted projectivizations of $Π_{\mathbb{A}}^{14}$, and $Π_{\mathbb{P}}^{14}$ the weighted cone over $Π_{\mathbb{P}}^{13}$ with a weight one coordinate added. We show that $Π_{\mathbb{P}}^{13}$ or $Π_{\mathbb{P}}^{14}$ produce, as weight…
We study the geometric engineering of gauge theories with gauge group Spin(4) and SO(4) using crepant resolutions of Weierstrass models. The corresponding elliptic fibrations realize a collision of singularities corresponding to two fibers with dual graph the affine $A_1$ Dynkin diagram. There are eight different ways to engineer such collisions using decorated Kodaira fibers. The Mordell-Weil group of the elliptic fibration is required to be trivial for Spin(4) and Z/2Z for SO(4). Each of these models have two possible crepant resolutions connected by a flop. We also compute a generating func…
For locally homotopy trivial fibrations, one can define transition functions $$ g\dab : U\da\cap U\db \to H = H(F)$$ where $H$ is the monoid of homotopy equivalences of $F$ to itself but, instead of the cocycle condition, one obtains only that $g\dab g\dbgam$ is homotopic to $g\dagam$ as a map of $U\da\cap U\db\cap U\dgam$ into $H$. Moreover on multiple intersections, higher homotopies arise and are relevant to classifying the fibration. The full theory was worked out by the first author in his 1965 Notre Dame thesis \cite{wirth:diss}. Here we present it using language that has been developed …
Moduli of Cubic fourfolds and reducible OADP surfaces
本文研究Hassett除子$\mathcal C_8$与$\mathcal{C}_{12}$、$\mathcal{C}_{20}$的交集不可约分量，刻画一般元素的几何，并借助二次纤维化有理截面和可约OADP曲面探讨其有理性，最终用Macaulay计算给出显式方程。
PhD dissertation consists in three lines of investigation involving rational elliptic surfaces, namely 1) a study of conic bundles on these surfaces; 2) an investigation of the possible intersection numbers of two sections and 3) a theorem regarding the set of fibers whose Mordell-Weil ranks are at least 3 units higher than the generic rank of the elliptic fibration.
In this paper we show that a smooth toric variety $X$ of Picard number $r\leq 3$ always admits a nef primitive collection supported on a hyperplane admitting non-trivial intersection with the cone $\Nef(X)$ of numerically effective divisors and cutting a facet of the pseudo-effective cone $\Eff(X)$, that is $\Nef(X)\cap\partial\overline{\Eff}(X)\neq\{0\}$. In particular this means that $X$ admits non-trivial and non-big numerically effective divisors. Geometrically this guarantees the existence of a fiber type contraction morphism over a smooth toric variety of dimension and Picard number lowe…
We show that fiberwise stable vector bundles are preserved by relative Fourier-Mukai transforms between elliptic threefolds with relative Picard number one. Using these bundles we define new invariants of elliptic fibrations, and we relate the invariants of a space with those of a relative moduli space of stable sheaves on it. As a byproduct, we calculate the intersection form of a certain new example of an elliptic Calabi-Yau threefold.
Negative Curves and Elliptic Fibrations on a Special Rational Surface
本文针对双重 Hesse 构型吹胀有理曲面上的 $(-1)$-曲线，通过构造修正的 Cremona 分岔图并借助椭圆束闭公式，给出了曲线次数的闭式表达，同时刻画了奇点与方程。
We study the geometry of elliptic fibrations satisfying the conditions of Step 8 of Tate's algorithm. We call such geometries F$_4$-models, as the dual graph of their special fiber is the twisted affine Dynkin diagram $\widetilde{\text{F}}_4^t$. These geometries are used in string theory to model gauge theories with the exceptional Lie group F$_4$ on a smooth divisor $S$ of the base. Starting with a singular Weierstrass model of an F$_4$-model, we present a crepant resolution of its singularities. We study the fiber structure of this smooth elliptic fibration and identify the fibral divisors u…
We study the geometry of elliptic fibrations satisfying the conditions of Step 2 of Tate's algorithm with a discriminant of valuation 4. We call such geometries USp(4)-models, as the dual graph of their special fiber is the twisted affine Dynkin diagram of type C$_2$. These geometries are used in string theory to model gauge theories with the non-simply-laced Lie group USp(4) on a smooth divisor S of the base. Starting with a singular Weierstrass model of a USp(4)-model, we present a crepant resolution of its singularities. We study the fiber structure of this smooth elliptic fibration and ide…
Mirror symmetry for gCICY threefolds (I): a $[3,-1]$ block and a non-Gorenstein toric phase
构造广义完全交 Calabi-Yau 三维流形 $X_+$ 的镜像族，通过环面 GIT 形变和翻折得到 $X_-$，并利用 Hori-Vafa 方程构造 Laurent 模型的紧化 $Y$，其周期系统与 $X_\pm$ 的上同调环一致，预测与垂直曲线计数相符。
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