We present the weak lensing mass distribution of a triple merging cluster candidate at $z_{\rm photo}\sim 0.36$ belonging to a supercluster recently discovered during the eROSITA Performance Verification phase. Our analysis solved a previous tension in the merger classification by confirming that the cluster pair eFEDS J093513.3+004746 and eFEDS J093510.7+004910 is undergoing a major merger with a mass ratio $1.7_{-0.7}^{+0.5}$. According to our two-body kinematic description, the encounter happened $0.58_{-0.20}^{+0.15}$ Gyr ago, in a scenario that supports the observed radio relic position at the cluster outskirts. However, the same analysis showed that the companion cluster, eFEDS J093501.1+005418, is not gravitationally bound to the interacting system and therefore it is not part of the supercluster. We also checked the impact of adopting a scaling relation to determine the halo concentration $c_{200}$. At the observed merger stage, where the clusters have travelled $\sim$55 per cent of the path to reach the apoapsis, the choice of the $c_{200}$ (whether from a scaling relation or a free parameter in the mass model) does not change significantly either the cluster masses or the kinematic description.
We forecast the impact of weak lensing (WL) cluster mass calibration on the cosmological constraints from the X-ray selected galaxy cluster counts in the upcoming eROSITA survey. We employ a prototype cosmology pipeline to analyze mock cluster catalogs. Each cluster is sampled from the mass function in a fiducial cosmology and given an eROSITA count rate and redshift, where count rates are modeled using the eROSITA effective area, a typical exposure time, Poisson noise and the scatter and form of the observed X-ray luminosity-- and temperature--mass--redshift relations. A subset of clusters ha…
We present the first weak-lensing mass calibration and X-ray scaling relations of galaxy clusters and groups selected in the $eROSITA$ Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS) observed by Spectrum Roentgen Gamma/$eROSITA$ over a contiguous footprint with an area of $\approx140$ deg$^2$, using the three-year (S19A) weak-lensing data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program survey. In this work, a sample of $434$ optically confirmed galaxy clusters (and groups) at redshift $0.01\lesssim z \lesssim1.3$ with a median of $0.35$ is studied, of which $313$ systems are uniformly covered …
The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey. The Weak-Lensing Mass Calibration and the Stellar Mass-to-Halo Mass Relation from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program
The eFEDS survey is a proof-of-concept mini-survey designed to demonstrate the survey science capabilities of SRG/eROSITA. It covers an area of 140 square degrees where 542 galaxy clusters have been detected out to a redshift of 1.3. The eFEDS field is partly embedded in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) S19A data release, which covers 510 square degrees, containing approximately 36 million galaxies. This galaxy catalogue is used to construct a sample of 180 shear-selected galaxy clusters. In the common area to both surveys, about 90 square degrees, we investigate the ef…
The suppression of the matter power spectrum: strong feedback from X-ray gas mass fractions, kSZ effect profiles, and galaxy-galaxy lensing
Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）；Liverpool John Moores University（利物浦约翰摩尔斯大学）；Leiden University（莱顿大学）；University of Zurich（苏黎世大学）
本文通过联合分析eROSITA和HSC-XXL样本的X射线气体质量分数及SDSS/DESI+ACT的kSZ效应轮廓，研究了气体反馈对物质功率谱的抑制效应，发现其抑制幅度在k=1 h Mpc⁻¹时为10±2%，且比主流模拟预测更强。
We present the results of a systematic X-ray analysis of optically rich galaxy clusters detected by the Subaru HSC survey in the eROSITA eFEDS field. Through a joint analysis of SRG/eROSITA and Subaru/HSC surveys, we aim to study the dynamical status of the optically selected clusters and derive the cluster scaling relations. The sample consists of 43 optically selected galaxy clusters with a richness $>40$ in $0.16<z<0.89$. We systematically analyzed the X-ray images and spectra using the eROSITA data. We identified the BCG using the optical and far-infrared databases. We evaluated the cluste…
SMACS~J0723.3-7327 is the first galaxy cluster lens observed by JWST. Based on the ERO data from JWST, several groups have reported the results on strong lensing analysis and mass distribution of this cluster. However, limited by the angular coverage of the JWST data, the strong lensing models only cover the central region. X-ray analysis on the hot ICM is necessary to obtain a more complete constraint on the mass distribution in this very massive cluster. In this work, we aim to perform a comprehensive X-ray analysis of J0723 to obtain accurate ICM hydrostatic mass measurements, using the X-r…
The on-going X-ray all-sky survey with the eROSITA instrument will yield large galaxy cluster samples, which will bring strong constraints on cosmological parameters. In particular, the survey holds great promise to investigate the tension between CMB and low-redshift measurements. The current bottleneck preventing the full exploitation of the survey data is the systematics associated with the relation between survey observable and halo mass. Numerous recent studies have shown that gas mass and core-excised X-ray luminosity exhibit very low scatter at fixed mass. We propose a new method to rec…
The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Early dark energy and Hubble constant from the cluster mass function
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics（马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所）；LMU München（慕尼黑大学）；Universität Innsbruck（因斯布鲁克大学）；IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES（图卢兹大学/法国国家科学研究中心/法国航天研究中心天体物理学与行星学研究所）；INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio（意大利国家天体物理研究所空间天体物理观测站）；Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学）；Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）；National Cheng Kung University（国立成功大学）；Nagoya University（名古屋大学）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）
Upcoming and ongoing large area weak lensing surveys will also discover large samples of galaxy clusters. Accurate and precise masses of galaxy clusters are of major importance for cosmology, for example, in establishing well calibrated observational halo mass functions for comparison with cosmological predictions. We investigate the level of statistical uncertainties and sources of systematic errors expected for weak lensing mass estimates. Future surveys that will cover large areas on the sky, such as Euclid or LSST and to lesser extent DES, will provide the largest weak lensing cluster samp…
Likelihood-free inference provides a rigorous approach to preform Bayesian analysis using forward simulations only. The main advantage of likelihood-free methods is its ability to account for complex physical processes and observational effects in forward simulations. Here we explore the potential of likelihood-free forward modeling for Bayesian cosmological inference using the redshift evolution of the cluster abundance combined with weak-lensing mass calibration. We use two complementary likelihood-free methods, namely Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) and Density-Estimation Likelihood-…
Cosmology with galaxy clusters using machine learning. Application to eROSITA Data
University Federico II（那不勒斯费德里科二世大学）；School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学物理与天文学院）；INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte（意大利国家天体物理研究所卡波迪蒙特天文台）；Scuola Superiore Meridionale（南方高等学院）；Univ. Grenoble Alpes（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Grenoble INP（格勒诺布尔国立理工学院）；LPSC-IN2P3（粒子与核物理实验室）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik（马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所）；Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München（慕尼黑大学物理学院大学天文台）；Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg（海德堡大学理论物理研究所）
The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): X-ray stacking analysis of Subaru's optically selected clusters spanning low richness regime
Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik Tübingen (IAAT), Universität Tübingen（蒂宾根大学天文与天体物理研究所）；Department of Physics, Nara Women’s University（奈良女子大学理学部）；Argelander-Institut für Astronomie (AIfA), Universität Bonn（波恩大学阿尔兰德天体物理研究所）；Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University（广岛大学先进理工学研究科物理学项目）；Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University（广岛大学广岛天体科学中心）；Core Research for Energetic Universe, Hiroshima University（广岛大学宇宙高能前沿核心研究）；Center for Frontier Science, Chiba University（千叶大学前沿科学中心）；Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University（千叶大学理学研究科物理学系）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), University of Tokyo（东京大学宇宙物质数学研究所）；Graduate School of Science, Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Nagoya University（名古屋大学理学研究科粒子与天体物理学专业）
SLICE -- Combining Strong Lensing and X-ray in AC 114. Further Insights into the Merger Scenario
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM（艾克斯-马赛大学）；Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University（杜伦大学）；Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University（杜伦大学）；Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva（日内瓦大学）；STAR Institute（列日大学天体物理研究所）；Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574（里昂大学）；Department of Astronomy, University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；Astrophysics Research Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal（夸祖鲁-纳塔尔大学）；School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal（夸祖鲁-纳塔尔大学）；Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；DIFA – Università di Bologna（博洛尼亚大学）；INAF - IASF Milano（意大利国家天体物理研究所米兰天文台）；INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna（意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚空间天体物理观测站）
An accurate modelling of baryonic feedback effects is required to exploit the full potential of future weak-lensing surveys such as Euclid or LSST. In this second paper in a series of two, we combine Euclid-like mock data of the cosmic shear power spectrum with an eROSITA X-ray mock of the cluster gas fraction to run a combined likelihood analysis including both cosmological and baryonic parameters. Following the first paper of this series, the baryonic effects (based on the baryonic correction model of Schneider et al. 2019) are included in both the tomographic power spectrum and the covarian…
We present a joint weak-lensing/X-ray study of galaxy cluster mass-observable scaling relations, motivated by the critical importance of accurate calibration of mass proxies for future X-ray missions, including eROSITA. We use a sample of 12 clusters at z\simeq0.2 that we have observed with Subaru and XMM-Newton to construct relationships between the weak-lensing mass (M), and three X-ray observables: gas temperature (T), gas mass (Mgas), and quasi-integrated gas pressure (Yx) at overdensities of Δ=2500, 1000, and 500 with respect to the critical density. We find that Mgas at Δ\le1000 appears …
Scaling properties of galaxy cluster observables with mass provide central insights into the processes shaping clusters. Calibrating proxies for cluster mass will be crucial to cluster cosmology with upcoming surveys like eROSITA and Euclid. The recent Planck results led to suggestions that X-ray masses might be biased low by $\sim\!40$ %, more than previously considered. We extend the direct calibration of the weak lensing -- X-ray mass scaling towards lower masses (as low as $1\!\times\!10^{14}\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$) in a sample representative of the $z\!\sim\!0.4$--$0.5$ population. We inves…
The SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey: Constraints on Ultra-light Axion Dark Matter through Galaxy Cluster Number Counts
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics（马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所）；Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik（因斯布鲁克大学天体与粒子物理研究所）；INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio（意大利国家天体物理研究所空间科学与天文观测台）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University（纽约州立大学石溪分校物理与天文学系）；Universität Hamburg, Hamburger Sternwarte（汉堡大学汉堡天文台）；Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University（国立成功大学物理系）；IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES（图卢兹大学宇宙射线与天体物理学研究所）
Abell 2146 ($z$ = 0.232) consists of two galaxy clusters undergoing a major merger. The system was discovered in previous work, where two large shock fronts were detected using the $\textit{Chandra X-ray Observatory}$, consistent with a merger close to the plane of the sky, caught soon after first core passage. A weak gravitational lensing analysis of the total gravitating mass in the system, using the distorted shapes of distant galaxies seen with ACS-WFC on $\textit{Hubble Space Telescope}$, is presented. The highest peak in the reconstruction of the projected mass is centred on the Brightes…
The three-dimensional shapes of the galaxy cluster intracluster medium in eRASS1
Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik（马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所）；Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München（慕尼黑路德维希-马克西米利安大学）；Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学天文与前沿科学研究院）
The cosmological constraining power of modern galaxy cluster catalogs can be improved by obtaining low-scatter mass proxy measurements for even a small fraction of sources. In the context of large upcoming surveys that will reveal the cluster population down to the group scale and out to high redshifts, efficient strategies for obtaining such mass proxies will be valuable. In this work, we use high-quality weak lensing and X-ray mass estimates for massive clusters in current X-ray selected catalogs to revisit the scaling relations of the projected, center-excised X-ray luminosity ($L_{ce}$), w…
We present the study of the internal dynamics of the intriguing galaxy cluster Abell 1703, a system hosting a probable giant radio halo whose dynamical status is still controversial. Our analysis is based on unpublished spectroscopic data acquired at the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo and data publicly available in the literature. We also use photometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We select 147 cluster members and compute the cluster redshift $\left<z\right>\sim 0.277$ and the global line-of-sight velocity dispersion $σ_{\rm v}\sim 1300$ km/s. We infer that Abell 1703 is a m…
We perform a cross validation of the cluster catalog selected by the red-sequence Matched-filter Probabilistic Percolation algorithm (redMaPPer) in Dark Energy Survey year 1 (DES-Y1) data by matching it with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) selected cluster catalog from the South Pole Telescope SPT-SZ survey. Of the 1005 redMaPPer selected clusters with measured richness $\hatλ>40$ in the joint footprint, 207 are confirmed by SPT-SZ. Using the mass information from the SZE signal, we calibrate the richness--mass relation using a Bayesian cluster population model. We find a mass trend $λ\pro…
We model the strong lensing effect in the galaxy cluster PSZ1 G311.65-18.48 (z=0.443) with an improved version of the hybrid method WSLAP+. We extend the number of constraints by including the position of critical points, which are combined with the classic positional constraints of the lensed galaxies. We pay special attention to a transient candidate source (Tr) previously discovered in the giant Sunburst arc (z=2.37). Our lens model predicts Tr to be within a fraction of an arcsecond from the critical curve, having a larger magnification factor than previously found, but still not large eno…
Assembly Bias in eRASS1 X-ray Galaxy Clusters: Accounting for Non-uniform Survey Exposure
Inter University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics（大学天文学与天体物理中心）；Institute of Physics, University of Szczecin（什切青大学物理研究所）；Leiden Observatory, Leiden University（莱顿大学莱顿天文台）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo（东京大学宇宙物理与数学科学 Kavli 研究所）
