哥斯拉，一个怪物潜伏在朝阳星系
Godzilla, a monster lurks in the Sunburst galaxy
摘要：
我们用改进的混合方法WSDG+模拟了星系团PSZ 1 G311.65-18.48（z=0.443）中的强透镜效应。我们通过包括临界点的位置来扩展约束的数量，临界点的位置与透镜星系的经典位置约束相结合。我们特别注意的瞬态候选源（Tr）先前发现的巨大的朝阳弧（z=2.37）。我们的透镜模型预测Tr是在一个弧秒的分数从临界曲线，有一个更大的放大系数比以前发现的，但仍然不够大，以解释所观察到的通量和缺乏反像。讨论了可能的候选反像，这将降低解释Tr所需的放大倍数，但即使在这种情况下，仍然需要极端的放大倍数（$μ>1000$）。为了解释透镜星系所需的放大率和形态，需要在Tr位置附近存在一个质量与矮星系（$M\sim 10^8 \,{\rm M}_{\odot}$）相当的小质量扰动。我们讨论如何存在这种扰动可能被用来约束模型的暗物质。被放大的物体的大的视亮度和未分辨的性质意味着极端放大率和非常明亮和紧凑的源（$r<0.3$ pc）的组合。可能的候选人进行了讨论，包括超亮恒星或吸积盘周围的中等质量黑洞（IMBH）。基于光谱信息，我们认为，一个明亮的蓝变星（LBV）在爆发期间捕获的是最有可能的候选人。由于这种光源的极端放大率和亮度，我们称之为哥斯拉。
英文摘要：
We model the strong lensing effect in the galaxy cluster PSZ1 G311.65-18.48 (z=0.443) with an improved version of the hybrid method WSLAP+. We extend the number of constraints by including the position of critical points, which are combined with the classic positional constraints of the lensed galaxies. We pay special attention to a transient candidate source (Tr) previously discovered in the giant Sunburst arc (z=2.37). Our lens model predicts Tr to be within a fraction of an arcsecond from the critical curve, having a larger magnification factor than previously found, but still not large enough to explain the observed flux and lack of counterimages. Possible candidate counterimages are discussed that would lower the magnification required to explain Tr, but extreme magnification factors ($μ>1000$) are still required, even in that case. The presence of a small mass perturber with a mass comparable to a dwarf galaxy ($M\sim 10^8 \,{\rm M}_{\odot}$) near the position of Tr is needed in order to explain the required magnification and morphology of the lensed galaxy. We discuss how the existence of this perturber could potentially be used to constrain models of dark matter. The large apparent brightness and unresolved nature of the magnified object implies a combination of extreme magnification and a very luminous and compact source ($r<0.3$ pc). Possible candidates are discussed, including an hyperluminous star or an accretion disc around an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH). Based on spectral information, we argue that a luminous blue variable (LBV) star caught during an outburst is the most likely candidate. Owing to the extreme magnification and luminosity of this source we dub it Godzilla.
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