We consider a general second order matrix operator in a multi-dimensional domain subject to a classical boundary condition. This operator is perturbed by a first order differential operator, the coefficients of which depend arbitrarily on a small multi-dimensional parameter. We study the existence of a limiting (homogenized) operator in the sense of the norm resolvent convergence for such perturbed operator. The first part of our main results states that the norm resolvent convergence is equivalent to the convergence of the coefficients in the perturbing operator in certain space of multipliers. If this is the case, the resolvent of the perturbed operator possesses a complete asymptotic expansion, which converges uniformly to the resolvent. The second part of our results says that the convergence in the mentioned spaces of multipliers is equivalent to the convergence of certain local mean values over small pieces of the considered domains. These results are supported by series of examples. We also provide a series of ways of generating new non-periodically oscillating perturbations, which finally leads to a very wide class of perturbations, for which our results are applicable.
We study Bloch wave homogenization of periodically heterogeneous media with fourth order singular perturbations. We recover different homogenization regimes depending on the relative strength of the singular perturbation and length scale of the periodic heterogeneity. The homogenized tensor is obtained in terms of the first Bloch eigenvalue. The higher Bloch modes do not contribute to the homogenization limit.
We investigate quantitative estimates in periodic homogenization of second-order elliptic systems of elasticity with singular fourth-order perturbations. The convergence rates, which depend on the scale $κ$ that represents the strength of the singular perturbation and on the length scale $ε$ of the heterogeneities, are established. We also obtain the large-scale Lipschitz estimate, down to the scale $ε$ and independent of $κ$. This large-scale estimate, when combined with small-scale estimates, yields the classical Lipschitz estimate that is uniform in both $ε$ and $κ$.
In this paper we prove a general homogenization result for monotone parabolic problems with an arbitrary number of microscopic scales in space as well as in time, where the scale functions are not necessarily powers of epsilon. The main tools for the homogenization procedure are multiscale convergence and very weak multiscale convergence, both adapted to evo lution problems. At the end of the paper an example is given to concretize the use of the main result.
We analyse the spectral convergence of high order elliptic differential operators subject to singular domain perturbations and homogeneous boundary conditions of intermediate type. We identify sharp assumptions on the domain perturbations improving, in the case of polyharmonic operators of higher order, conditions known to be sharp in the case of fourth order operators. The optimality is proved by analysing in detail a boundary homogenization problem, which provides a smooth version of a polyharmonic Babuška paradox.
We consider the spectrum of a second-order elliptic operator in divergence form with periodic coefficients, which is known to be completely described by Bloch eigenvalues. We show that under small perturbations of the coefficients, a multiple Bloch eigenvalue can be made simple. The Bloch wave method of homogenization relies on the regularity of spectral edge. The spectral tools that we develop, allow us to obtain simplicity of an internal spectral edge through perturbation of the coefficients. As a consequence, we are able to establish Bloch wave homogenization at an internal edge in the pres…
This paper is concerned with the behavior of the ergodic constant associated with convex and superlinear Hamilton-Jacobi equation in a periodic environment which is perturbed either by medium with increasing period or by a random Bernoulli perturbation with small parameter. We find a first order Taylor's expansion for the ergodic constant which depends on the dimension d. When d = 1 the first order term is non trivial, while for all d $\ge$ 2 it is always 0. Although such questions have been looked at in the context of linear uniformly elliptic homogenization, our results are the first of this…
We consider a homogenization problem for the diffusion equation $-\operatorname{div}\left(a_{\varepsilon} \nabla u_{\varepsilon} \right) = f$ when the coefficient $a_{\varepsilon}$ is a non-local perturbation of a periodic coefficient. The perturbation does not vanish but becomes rare at infinity in a sense made precise in the text. We prove the existence of a corrector, identify the homogenized limit and study the convergence rates of $u_{\varepsilon}$ to its homogenized limit.
Operator-type estimates of homogenization are obtained for elliptic operators of arbitrary even order equal or greater than two. Operators under consideration are non-selfadjoint with lower-order terms.
We establish a rate of convergence of the two scale expansion (in the sense of homogenization theory) of the solution to a highly oscillatory elliptic partial differential equation with random coefficients that are a perturbation of periodic coefficients.
A family of effective equations for wave propagation in periodic media for arbitrary timescales $\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon^{-α})$, where $\varepsilon\ll1$ is the period of the tensor describing the medium, is proposed. The well-posedness of the effective equations of the family is ensured without requiring a regularization process as in previous models [A. Benoit and A. Gloria, arXiv:1701.08600, 2017], [G. Allaire, A. Lamacz, and J. Rauch, arXiv:1803.09455, 2018]. The effective solutions in the family are proved to be $\varepsilon$ close to the original wave in a norm equivalent to the $L^\infty…
We present in this paper an approach for computing the homogenized behavior of a medium that is a small random perturbation of a periodic reference material. The random perturbation we consider is, in a sense made precise in our work, a rare event at the microscopic level. It however affects the macroscopic properties of the material, and we indeed provide a method to compute the first and second-order corrections. To this end, we formally establish an asymptotic expansion of the macroscopic properties. Our perturbative approach shares common features with a defect-type theory of solid state p…
We study the qualitative homogenization of second order viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equations in space-time stationary ergodic random environments. Assuming that the Hamiltonian is convex and superquadratic in the momentum variable (gradient) we establish a homogenization result and characterize the effective Hamiltonian for arbitrary (possibly degenerate) elliptic diffusion matrices. The result extends previous work that required uniform ellipticity and space-time homogeneity for the diffusion.
In $L_2(\mathbb{R}^d)$, we consider an elliptic differential operator $\mathcal{A}_\varepsilon = - \operatorname{div} g(\mathbf{x}/\varepsilon) \nabla + \varepsilon^{-2} V(\mathbf{x}/\varepsilon)$, $ \varepsilon > 0$, with periodic coefficients. For the nonstationary Schrödinger equation with the Hamiltonian $\mathcal{A}_\varepsilon$, analogs of homogenization problems related to an arbitrary point of the dispersion relation of the operator $\mathcal{A}_1$ are studied (the so called high-energy homogenization). For the solutions of the Cauchy problems for these equations with special initial d…
We consider the triharmonic operator subject to homogeneous boundary conditions of intermediate type on a bounded domain of the N-dimensional Euclidean space. We study its spectral behaviour when the boundary of the domain undergoes a perturbation of oscillatory type. We identify the appropriate limit problems which depend on whether the strength of the oscillation is above or below a critical threshold. We analyse in detail the critical case which provides a typical homogenization problem leading to a strange boundary term in the limit problem.
In the whole space $R^d$ ($d\ge 2$), we study homogenization of a divergence-form matrix elliptic operator $L_\varepsilon$ of an arbitrary even order larger than 2 with measurable $\varepsilon$-periodic coefficients, where $\varepsilon$ is a small parameter. We constuct an approximation for the resolvent of $L_\varepsilon$ with the remainder term of order $\varepsilon^2$ in the operator $L^2$-norm. We impose no regularity conditions on the operator beyond ellipticity and boundedness of coefficients. We use two scale expansions with correctors regularized by the Steklov smoothing.
We follow-up on our works devoted to homogenization theory for linear second-order elliptic equations with coefficients that are perturbations of periodic coefficients. We have first considered equations in divergence form in [6, 7, 8]. We have next shown, in our recent work [9], using a slightly different strategy of proof than in our earlier works, that we may also address the equation --aij$\partial$iju = f. The present work is devoted to advection-diffusion equations: --aij$\partial$iju + bj$\partial$ju = f. We prove, under suitable assumptions on the coefficients aij, bj, 1 $\le$ i, j $\l…
The paper is devoted to homogenization of two-phase incompressible viscoelastic flows with disordered microstructure. We study two cases. In the first case, both phases are modeled as Kelvin-Voight viscoelastic materials. In the second case, one phase is a Kelvin-Voight material, and the other is a viscous Newtonian fluid. The microscale system contains the conservation of mass and balance of momentum equations. The inertial terms in the momentum equation incorporate the actual interface advected by the flow. In the constitutive equations, a frozen interface is employed. The interface geometry…
In this paper we develop some new techniques to study the multiscale elliptic equations in the form of $-\text{div} \big(A_\varepsilon \nabla u_{\varepsilon} \big) = 0$, where $A_\varepsilon(x) = A(x, x/\varepsilon_1,\cdots, x/\varepsilon_n)$ is an $n$-scale oscillating periodic coefficient matrix, and $(\varepsilon_i)_{1\le i\le n}$ are scale parameters. We show that the $C^α$-Hölder continuity with any $α\in (0,1)$ for the weak solutions is stable, namely, the constant in the estimate is uniform for arbitrary $(\varepsilon_1, \varepsilon_2, \cdots, \varepsilon_n) \in (0,1]^n$ and particularl…
We prove large-scale $C^\infty$ regularity for solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations with random coefficients, thereby obtaining a version of the statement of Hilbert's 19th problem in the context of homogenization. The analysis proceeds by iteratively improving three statements together: (i) the regularity of the homogenized Lagrangian $\bar{L}$, (ii) the commutation of higher-order linearization and homogenization, and (iii) large-scale $C^{0,1}$-type regularity for higher-order linearization errors. We consequently obtain a quantitative estimate on the scaling of linearization errors, a…
The two dimensional Navier-Stokes equation in a perforated domain with a dynamical slip boundary condition is considered. We assume that the dynamic is driven by a stochastic perturbation on the interior of the domain and another stochastic perturbation on the boundaries of the holes. We consider a scaling ($\e^2$ for the viscosity and 1 for the density) that will lead to a time dependent limit problem. However, the noncritical scaling ($\e^β,\quad β>1$) is considered in front of the nonlinear term. The homogenized system in the limit is obtained as a Darcy's law with memory with two permeabil…
Stochastic homogenization is achieved for a class of elliptic and parabolic equations describing the lifetime, in large domains, of stationary diffusion processes in random environment which are small, statistically isotropic perturbations of Brownian motion in dimension at least three. Furthermore, the homogenization is shown to occur with an algebraic rate. Such processes were first considered in the continuous setting by Sznitman and Zeitouni [21], upon whose results the present work relies strongly, and more recently their smoothed exit distributions from large domains were shown to conver…
We consider an eigenvalue problem for a divergence form elliptic operator $A_ε$ with high contrast periodic coefficients with period $ε$ in each coordinate, where $ε$ is a small parameter. The coefficients are perturbed on a bounded domain of `order one' size. The local perturbation of coefficients for such operator could result in emergence of localized waves - eigenfunctions with corresponding eigenvalues lying in the gaps of the Floquet-Bloch spectrum. We prove that, for the so-called double porosity type scaling, the eigenfunctions decay exponentially at infinity, uniformly in $ε$. Then, u…
We consider the perturbation of elliptic operators of the form $P(\bx,\bD)$ by random, rapidly varying, sufficiently mixing, potentials of the form $q(\frac{\bx}\eps,ω)$. We analyze the source and spectral problems associated to such operators and show that the properly renormalized difference between the perturbed and unperturbed solutions may be written asymptotically as $\eps\to0$ as explicit Gaussian processes. Such results may be seen as central limit corrections to the homogenization (law of large numbers) process. Similar results are derived for more general elliptic equations in one di…
We propose an abstract framework for the homogenization of random functionals which may contain non-convex terms, based on a two-scale $Γ$-convergence approach and a definition of Young measures on micropatterns which encodes the profiles of the oscillating functions and of functionals. Our abstract result is a lower bound for such energies in terms of a cell problem (on large expanding cells) and the $Γ$-limits of the functionals at the microscale. We show that our method allows to retrieve the results of Dal Maso and Modica in the well-known case of the stochastic homogenization of convex La…
This paper concentrates on the quantitative homogenization of higher-order elliptic systems with almost-periodic coefficients in bounded Lipschitz domains. For coefficients which are almost-periodic in the sense of H. Weyl, we establish uniform ocal $L^2$ estimates for the approximate correctors. Under an additional assumption on the frequencies of the coefficients (see (1.10)), we derive the existence of the true correctors as well as the sharp $O(\varepsilon)$ convergence rate in $H^{m-1}$. As a byproduct, the large-scale Hölder estimate and a Liouville theorem are obtained for higher-order …
This paper analyzes two classes of second order level set PDE in periodic media in the parabolic scaling. First, we study fully nonlinear geometric operators under general assumptions in dimension $d = 2$ and prove that the associated equations homogenize in this case. Next, we treat a class of quasi-linear geometric operators in arbitrary dimensions $d \geq 2$. In this setting, by adapting arguments form the study of oscillating boundary value problems, we prove that the effective coefficients are generically discontinuous in all dimensions $d \geq 3$. This necessitates a study of level set P…
In this article, we investigate the spectrum of the Neumann-Poincaré operator associated to a periodic distribution of small inclusions with size $\varepsilon$, and its asymptotic behavior as the parameter $\varepsilon$ vanishes. Combining techniques pertaining to the fields of homogenization and potential theory, we prove that the limit spectrum is composed of the `trivial' eigenvalues $0$ and $1$, and of a subset which stays bounded away from $0$ and $1$ uniformly with respect to $\varepsilon$. This non trivial part is the reunion of the \textit{Bloch spectrum}, accounting for the collective…
The evolution Stokes equation in a perforated domain subject to Fourier boundary condition on the boundaries of the holes is considered. We assume that the dynamic is driven by a stochastic perturbation on the interior of the domain and another stochastic perturbation on the boundaries of the holes. The macroscopic (homogenized) equation is derived as another stochastic partial differential equation, defined in the whole non perforated domain. Here, the initial stochastic perturbation on the boundary becomes part of the homogenized equation as another stochastic force. We use the two-scale con…
This paper is devoted to the asymptotic analysis of boundary layers in periodic homogenization. We investigate the behaviour of the boundary layer corrector, defined in the half-space $Ω_{n,a}:=\{y\cdot n-a>0\}$, far away from the boundary and prove the convergence towards a constant vector field, the boundary layer tail. This problem happens to depend strongly on the way the boundary $\partialΩ_{n,a}$ intersects the underlying microstructure. Our study complements the previous results obtained on the one hand for $n\in\mathbb R\mathbb Q^d$, and on the other hand for $n\notin\mathbb R\mathbb Q…
The paper deals with modelling of acoustic waves which propagate in inviscid fluids interacting with perforated elastic plates. The plate can be replaced by an interface on which transmission conditions are derived by homogenization of a problem describing vibroacoustic fluid-structure interactions in a transmission layer in which the plate is embedded. The Reissner-Mindlin theory of plates is adopted for periodic perforations designed by arbitrary cylindrical holes with axes orthogonal to the plate midplane. The homogenized model of the vibroacoustic transmission is obtained using the two-sca…
In terms of layer potential methods, this paper is devoted to study the $L^2$ boundary value problems for nonhomogeneous elliptic operators with rapidly oscillating coefficients in a periodic setting. Under a low regularity assumption on the coefficients, we establish the solvability for Dirichlet, regular and Neumann problems in a bounded Lipschitz domain, as well as, the uniform nontangential maximal function estimates and square function estimates. The main difficulty is reflected in two aspects: (i) we can not treat the lower order terms as a compact perturbation to the leading term due to…
This work develops a dynamic homogenization approach for metamaterials. It finds an approximate macroscopic homogenized equation with constant coefficients posed in space and time; however, the resulting homogenized equation is higher order in space and time. The homogenized equation can be used to solve initial-boundary-value problems posed on arbitrary non-periodic macroscale geometries with macroscopic heterogeneity, such as bodies composed of several different metamaterials or with external boundaries. First, considering a single band, the higher-order space derivatives lead to additional …
One of the main goals of this paper is to extend some of the mathematical techniques of some previous papers by the authors showing that some very useful phenomenological properties which can be observed to the nano-scale can be simulated and justified mathematically by means of some homogenization processes when a certain critical scale is used in the corresponding framework. Here the motivating problem in consideration is formulated in the context of the reverse osmosis. We consider, on a part of the boundary of a domain $Ω\subset \mathbb R^n$, a set of very small periodically distributed se…
Well-posed homogenized strain-gradient models for linear elastodynamics and elastostatics in arbitrary periodic media
Sorbonne université, CNRS UMR 7190（索邦大学）；ENSTA Paris（巴黎国立高等工程技术学校）；Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS UMR 8208（巴黎东 Créteil 大学）；Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS UMR 8208（古斯塔夫·埃菲尔大学）
We prove a reducibility result for a quantum harmonic oscillator in arbitrary dimensions with arbitrary frequencies perturbed by a linear operator which is a polynomial of degree two in $x_j$, $-i \partial_j$ with coefficients which depend quasiperiodically on time.
We prove spectral stability results for the $curl curl$ operator subject to electric boundary conditions on a cavity upon boundary perturbations. The cavities are assumed to be sufficiently smooth but we impose weak restrictions on the strength of the perturbations. The methods are of variational type and are based on two main ingredients: the construction of suitable Piola-type transformations between domains and the proof of uniform Gaffney inequalities obtained by means of uniform a priori $H^2$-estimates for the Poisson problem of the Dirichlet Laplacian. The uniform a priori estimates are…
We study the spectral behavior of higher order elliptic operators upon domain perturbation. We prove general spectral stability results for Dirichlet, Neumann and intermediate boundary conditions. Moreover, we consider the case of the bi-harmonic operator with those intermediate boundary conditions which appears in study of hinged plates. In this case, we analyze the spectral behavior when the boundary of the domain is subject to a periodic oscillatory perturbation. We will show that there is a critical oscillatory behavior and the limit problem depends on whether we are above, below or just s…
In this paper we prove the persistence of space periodic multi-solitons of arbitrary size under any quasi-linear Hamiltonian perturbation, which is smooth and sufficiently small. This answers positively a longstanding question whether KAM techniques can be further developed to prove the existence of quasi-periodic solutions of arbitrary size of strongly nonlinear perturbations of integrable PDEs.
