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arXiv 2206.04538hep-thgr-qc
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标量场和规范场与引力的非最小耦合:熵流和线性化第二定律

Non-minimal coupling of scalar and gauge fields with gravity: an entropy current and linearized second law

Parthajit Biswas, Prateksh Dhivakar, Nilay Kundu

摘要:

这项工作扩展了本地版本的线性化第二定律的证明,涉及的熵流与非负的散度,包括任意的非最小耦合的标量和$U(1)$规范场与重力。在最近的工作中,构造熵流来证明线性化的第二定律依赖于一个关于物质与引力可能耦合的重要假设:假设相应的物质应力张量满足零能量条件。然而,零能量条件可以被违反,即使是经典的,当考虑到非最小耦合的物质场的重力。考虑与标量场或规范场具有非最小耦合的超纯不变引力理论中静态黑洞周围的小动力学扰动,我们证明了仍然可以构造具有非负发散的熵流.我们所包含的额外的非最小耦合有助于熵流,它甚至可以在平衡极限中存活。我们还得到了一个空间电流的视界除了熵密度在平衡的情况下。我们实现这一点,通过使用一个助推对称性的近地平线的几何形状,这限制了壳外结构的一个特定组件的运动方程与更新的条款,由于非最小的耦合。熵流的最终表达式是$U(1)$规范不变的规范场耦合到重力。我们明确检查了从我们的抽象论点中获得的熵流与文献中已有的涉及物质与引力高阶导数理论的非最小耦合的特定模型理论的表达式一致。最后,我们还认为,第一定律的物理过程版本,这些理论与任意的非最小物质耦合。

英文摘要:

This work extends the proof of a local version of the linearized second law involving an entropy current with non-negative divergence by including the arbitrary non-minimal coupling of scalar and $U(1)$ gauge fields with gravity. In recent works, the construction of entropy current to prove the linearized second law rested on an important assumption about the possible matter couplings to gravity: the corresponding matter stress tensor was assumed to satisfy the null energy conditions. However, the null energy condition can be violated, even classically, when the non-minimal coupling of matter fields to gravity is considered. Considering small dynamical perturbations around stationary black holes in diffeomorphism invariant theories of gravity with non-minimal coupling to scalar or gauge fields, we prove that an entropy current with non-negative divergence can still be constructed. The additional non-minimal couplings that we have incorporated contribute to the entropy current, which may even survive in the equilibrium limit. We also obtain a spatial current on the horizon apart from the entropy density in out-of-equilibrium situations. We achieve this by using a boost symmetry of the near horizon geometry, which constraints the off-shell structure of a specific component of the equations of motion with newer terms due to the non-minimal couplings. The final expression for the entropy current is $U(1)$ gauge-invariant for gauge fields coupled to gravity. We explicitly check that the entropy current obtained from our abstract arguments is consistent with the expressions already available in the literature for specific model theories involving non-minimal coupling of matter with higher derivative theories of gravity. Finally, we also argue that the physical process version of the first law holds for these theories with arbitrary non-minimal matter couplings.

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