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arXiv 2203.01945hep-phastro-ph.HE
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类轴子粒子在宇宙学和天体物理学中的唯象问题

Phenomenological Aspects of Axion-Like Particles in Cosmology and Astrophysics

Ahmed Ayad

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PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand
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摘要：

宇宙学和粒子物理学今天比以往任何时候都更接近，在宇宙学，粒子物理学和场论之间的界面上进行了一些研究。暗物质（DM）之谜是这些领域之间最常见的未解决问题之一。基于许多天体物理学和宇宙学的观测，现在已经确定，宇宙的总物质含量中只有一小部分是由重子物质组成的，而绝大多数是由暗物质组成的。然而，这种成分的性质仍然未知。一个理论上动机良好的理解暗物质的性质的方法是通过寻找暗物质的轻赝标量候选者，如轴子和类轴子粒子（ALP）。轴子是量子色动力学（QCD）中强CP（电荷宇称）问题的Peccei-Quinn（PQ）解的假想基本粒子。此外，粒子物理学的标准模型（SMPP）的许多理论上有充分动机的扩展预测了更多类似于QCD轴子的赝标量粒子的存在，称为ALP。轴子和ALP的特征在于它们与两个光子的耦合。虽然轴子的耦合参数与轴子质量有关，但耦合参数与ALP的质量之间没有直接关系。然而，预计ALP共享相同的轴子现象。在过去的几年里，轴子和ALP重新流行，并慢慢成为最有吸引力的候选人之一，可能有助于宇宙的暗物质密度。在这篇论文中，我们着重研究轴子和ALP与光子的相互作用，以限制它们的一些性质。

英文摘要：

Cosmology and particle physics are closer today than ever before, with several searches underway at the interface between cosmology, particle physics, and field theory. The mystery of dark matter (DM) is one of the greatest common unsolved problems between these fields. It is established now based on many astrophysical and cosmological observations that only a small fraction of the total matter content of the universe is made of baryonic matter, while the vast majority is constituted by dark matter. However, the nature of such a component is still unknown. One theoretically well-motivated approach to understanding the nature of dark matter would be through looking for light pseudo-scalar candidates for dark matter such as axions and axion-like particles (ALPs). Axions are hypothetical elementary particles resulting from the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) solution to the strong CP (charge-parity) problem in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Furthermore, many theoretically well-motivated extensions to the standard model of particle physics (SMPP) predicted the existence of more pseudo-scalar particles similar to the QCD axion and called ALPs. Axions and ALPs are characterized by their coupling with two photons. While the coupling parameter for axions is related to the axion mass, there is no direct relation between the coupling parameter and the mass of ALPs. Nevertheless, it is expected that ALPs share the same phenomenology of axions. In the past years, axions and ALPs regained popularity and slowly became one of the most appealing candidates that possibly contribute to the dark matter density of the universe. In this thesis, we focus on studying the phenomenology of axions and ALPs interactions with photons to constrain some of their properties.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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