P. Diego-Palazuelos, J. R. Eskilt, Y. Minami, M. Tristram, R. M. Sullivan, A. J. Banday, R. B. Barreiro, H. K. Eriksen, K. M. Górski, R. Keskitalo, E. Komatsu, … 展开作者
P. Diego-Palazuelos, J. R. Eskilt, Y. Minami, M. Tristram, R. M. Sullivan, A. J. Banday, R. B. Barreiro, H. K. Eriksen, K. M. Górski, R. Keskitalo, E. Komatsu, E. Martínez-González, D. Scott, P. Vielva, I. K. Wehus
备注：
7 pages, 1 figure, 1 table. (v2) References added. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
We search for the signature of parity-violating physics in the cosmic microwave background, called cosmic birefringence, using the Planck data release 4. We initially find a birefringence angle of $β=0.30\pm0.11$ (68% C.L.) for nearly full-sky data. The values of $β$ decrease as we enlarge the Galactic mask, which can be interpreted as the effect of polarized foreground emission. Two independent ways to model this effect are used to mitigate the systematic impact on $β$ for different sky fractions. We choose not to assign cosmological significance to the measured value of $β$ until we improve our knowledge of the foreground polarization.
The polarization of cosmic microwave background (CMB) can be used to constrain cosmological birefringence, the rotation of the linear polarization of CMB photons potentially induced by parity violating physics beyond the standard model. This effect produces non-null CMB cross correlations between temperature and B mode-polarization, and between E- and B-mode polarization. Both cross-correlations are otherwise null in the standard cosmological model. We use the recently released 2015 Planck likelihood in combination with the Bicep2/Keck/Planck (BKP) likelihood to constrain the birefringence ang…
We search for evidence of parity-violating physics in the Planck 2018 polarization data, and report on a new measurement of the cosmic birefringence angle, $β$. The previous measurements are limited by the systematic uncertainty in the absolute polarization angles of the Planck detectors. We mitigate this systematic uncertainty completely by simultaneously determining $β$ and the angle miscalibration using the observed cross-correlation of the $E$- and $B$-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background and the Galactic foreground emission. We show that the systematic errors are effective…
Cosmic Birefringence (CB) is the in-vacuo rotation of the linear polarization direction of photons during propagation, caused by parity-violating extensions of Maxwell electromagnetism. We build low resolution CB angle maps using Planck Legacy and NPIPE products and provide for the first time estimates of the cross-correlation spectra $C_L^{αE}$ and $C_L^{αB}$ between the CB and the CMB polarization fields. We also provide updated CB auto-correlation spectra $C_L^{αα}$ as well as the cross-correlation $C_L^{αT}$ with the CMB temperature field. We report constraints by defining the scale-invari…
The observed pattern of linear polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons is a sensitive probe of physics violating parity symmetry under inversion of spatial coordinates. A new parity-violating interaction might have rotated the plane of linear polarization by an angle $β$ as the CMB photons have been traveling for more than 13 billion years. This effect is known as "cosmic birefringence." In this paper, we present new measurements of cosmic birefringence from a joint analysis of polarization data from two space missions, Planck and WMAP. This dataset covers a wide range of…
We present new constraints on the frequency dependence of the cosmic birefringence angle from the Planck data release 4 polarization maps. An axion field coupled to electromagnetism predicts a nearly frequency-independent birefringence angle, $β_ν= β$, while Faraday rotation from local magnetic fields and Lorentz violating theories predict a cosmic birefringence angle that is proportional to the frequency, $ν$, to the power of some integer $n$, $β_ν\propto ν^n$. In this work, we first sample $β_ν$ individually for each polarized HFI frequency band in addition to the 70 GHz channel from the LFI…
Parity-violating extensions of standard electromagnetism produce cosmic birefringence, the in vacuo rotation of the linear polarisation direction of a photon during propagation. We employ {\it Planck} 2018 CMB polarised data to constrain anisotropic birefringence, modeled by its angular power spectrum $C_{\ell}^{αα}$, and the cross-correlation with CMB temperature maps, $C_{\ell}^{αT}$, at scales larger than $\sim$15 degrees. We present joint limits on the scale invariant quantity, $A^{αα} \equiv \ell (\ell +1) \, C_{\ell}^{αα} / 2 π$, and on the analogous amplitude for the cross-correlation, …
We search for the signature of parity-violating physics in the Cosmic Microwave Background using Planck polarization data from the Public Release 4 (PR4 or $\mathtt{NPIPE}$). For nearly full-sky data, we initially find a birefringence angle $β=0.30^\circ\pm0.11^\circ$ ($68\%$~C.L.). We also find that the values of $β$ decrease as we enlarge the Galactic mask, which can be interpreted as the effect of polarized foreground emission. We use two independent approaches to model this effect and mitigate its impact on $β$. Although results are promising, and the good agreement between both models is …
We introduce birefringence effects within the propagation history of CMB, considering the two cases of a constant effect and of an effect that increases linearly in time, as the rotation of polarization induced by birefringence accumulates during photon propagation. Both cases result into a mixing of E and B modes before lensing effects take place, thus leading to the fact that lensing is acting on spectra that are already mixed because of birefringence. Moreover, if the polarization rotation angle increases during propagation, birefringence affects more the large scales that the small scales.…
The recently reported non-zero isotropic birefringence angle in Planck 2018 polarization data provides a tantalizing hint for new physics of axions. In this paper, we explain this by a string theory motivated axion with a monodromy potential that plays the role of dark energy. Upon using the birefringence measurement and the constraint on the equation of state for dark energy in this scenario, we find an upper bound on the axion decay constant as $f_a \lesssim 10^{16}$ GeV. This naturally gives an energy scale of order GUT and can resolve the theoretical issue of super-Planckian field range of…
We study the possibility of constraining the energy dependence of cosmological birefringence by using CMB polarization data. We consider four possible behaviors, characteristic of different theoretical scenarios: energy-independent birefringence motivated by Chern-Simons interactions of the electromagnetic field, linear energy dependence motivated by a 'Weyl' interaction of the electromagnetic field, quadratic energy dependence, motivated by quantum gravity modifications of low-energy electrodynamics, and inverse quadratic dependence, motivated by Faraday rotation generated by primordial magne…
Cosmic Birefringence from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Data Release 6
Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik（马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所）；Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München（慕尼黑大学）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), Todai Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo（东京大学前沿研究院 Kavli宇宙物理与数学研究所）
We present the distance priors from the finally released $Planck~ \textrm{TT,TE,EE}+\textrm{lowE}$ data in 2018. The uncertainties are around $40\%$ smaller than those from $Planck$ 2015 TT$+$lowP. In order to check the validity of these new distance priors, we adopt the distance priors to constrain the cosmological parameters in different dark energy models, including the $Λ$CDM model, the $w$CDM model and the CPL model, and conclude that the distance priors provide consistent constraints on the relevant cosmological parameters compared to those from the full $Planck$ 2018 data release.
We show that the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization data gathered by the BOOMERanG 2003 flight and WMAP provide an opportunity to investigate {\it in-vacuo} birefringence, of a type expected in some quantum pictures of space-time, with a sensitivity that extends even beyond the desired Planck-scale energy. In order to render this constraint more transparent we rely on a well studied phenomenological model of quantum-gravity-induced birefringence, in which one easily establishes that effects introduced at the Planck scale would amount to values of a dimensionless parameter, denoted …
Cosmic birefringence is the process that rotates the plane of polarization by an amount, $α$, as photons propagate through free space. Such an effect arises in parity-violating extensions to the electromagnetic sector, such as the Chern-Simons term common in axion models, quintessence models, or Lorentz-violating extensions to the standard model. Most studies consider the monopole of this rotation, but it is also possible for the effect to have spatial anisotropies. Paying particular attention to large scales, we implement a novel pixel-based method to extract the spherical harmonics for $L \l…
The polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) can be used to search for parity-violating processes like that predicted by a Chern-Simons coupling to a light pseudoscalar field. Such an interaction rotates $E$ modes into $B$ modes in the observed CMB signal by an effect known as cosmic birefringence. Even though isotropic birefringence can be confused with the rotation produced by a miscalibration of the detectors' polarization angles the degeneracy between both effects is broken when Galactic foreground emission is used as a calibrator. In this work, we use realistic simulations of…
We investigate the possibility that axion-like particles (ALPs) with various potentials account for the isotropic birefringence recently reported by analyzing the Planck 2018 polarization data. For the quadratic and cosine potentials, we obtain lower bounds on the mass, coupling constant to photon $g$, abundance and equation of state of the ALP to produce the observed birefringence. Especially when the ALP is responsible for dark energy, it is possible to probe the tiny deviation of dark energy equation of state from $-1$ through the cosmic birefringence. We also explore ALPs working as early …
We constrain anisotropic cosmic birefringence using four-point correlations of even-parity $E$-mode and odd-parity $B$-mode polarization in the cosmic microwave background measurements made by the POLARization of the Background Radiation (POLARBEAR) experiment in its first season of observations. We find that the anisotropic cosmic birefringence signal from any parity-violating processes is consistent with zero. The Faraday rotation from anisotropic cosmic birefringence can be compared with the equivalent quantity generated by primordial magnetic fields if they existed. The POLARBEAR nondetect…
Indiana University（印第安纳大学）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory（劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室）；The University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）
Is cosmic birefringence due to dark energy or dark matter? Simulation-based inference
International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA)（国际高等研究院）；Universita di Trento（特伦托大学）；Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics（马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所）；Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München（慕尼黑大学）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo（东京大学宇宙物理数学研究所（Kavli IPMU，WPI））；INFN Sezione di Trieste（意大利国家核物理研究所的里雅斯特分部）；IFPU（岛屿基础与前沿物理研究所）
We calculate weighted mosaic correlations between the recently published Planck 2015 foreground maps - both anomalous microwave emission (AME) maps, free-free emission, synchrotron radiation and thermal dust emission. The weighting coefficients are constructed taking account of the signal-to-error ratio given by the data product. Positive correlation is found for AME compared with thermal dust emission as well as synchrotron radiation. We find AME and free-free emission tending to be anti-correlated, however, when investigating different scales, their relationship appears to be more complex. W…
We revisit the alignments of the largest structures observed in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) using the seven and nine-year WMAP and first-year Planck data releases. The observed alignments -- the quadrupole with the octopole and their joint alignment with the direction of our motion with respect to the CMB (the dipole direction) and the geometry of the Solar System (defined by the Ecliptic plane) -- are generally in good agreement with results from the previous WMAP data releases. However, a closer look at full-sky data on the largest scales reveals discrepancies between the earlier W…
We measure the cross-power spectrum between galaxy density from Canada-France-Hawaii-Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS) catalogues and gravitational lensing convergence from Planck data release 1 (2013) and 2 (2015). We investigate three main galaxy samples: $18.0<i_{\rm AB}<22.0$, $18.0<i_{\rm AB}<23.0$, $18.0<i_{\rm AB}<24.0$ in the redshift range $0.2<z<1.3$ in each of the four CFHTLenS wide fields. By comparing the measured cross-spectrum with model predictions, linear galaxy-dark matter biases of $b=0.82^{+0.24}_{-0.23}, 0.83^{+0.19}_{-0.18}, 0.82^{+0.16}_{-0.14}$ are inferred at signifi…
We analyze the final release of the Planck satellite data to constrain the gravitational lensing potential in a model-independent manner. The amount of lensing determined from the smoothing of the acoustic peaks in the temperature and polarization power spectra is 2$σ$ too high when compared with the measurements using the lensing reconstruction and 2.8$σ$ too high when compared with $Λ$CDM expectation based on the "unlensed" portion of the temperature and polarization power spectra. The largest change from the previous data release is the $Λ$CDM expectation, driven by improved constraints to …
I cross-correlate the galaxy counts from the Canada-France Hawaii Telescope Lensing Survey (CFHTLenS) galaxy catalogue and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) convergence from the Planck data release 1 (2013) and 2 (2015), following the work of Omori & Holder (2015). I improve their study by computing an analytic covariance from the Halo Model, implementing simulations to validate the theoretically estimated error bars and the reconstruction method, fitting both a galaxy bias and a cross-correlation amplitude using the joint cross and galaxy auto-correlation, and performing a series of null test…
Recently, based on a novel analysis of the Planck satellite data, a hint of a uniform rotation of the polarization of cosmic microwave background photons, called isotropic cosmic birefringence, has been reported. The suggested rotation angle of polarization of about $0.2-0.4$ degrees strongly suggests that it is determined by the fine structure constant, which can be naturally explained over a very wide parameter range by the domain walls of axion-like particles. Interestingly, the axion-like particle domain walls predict not only isotropic cosmic birefringence but also anisotropic one that re…
The Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalog (ERCSC) has offered the first opportunity to accurately determine the luminosity function of dusty galaxies in the very local Universe (i.e. distances <~ 100 Mpc), at several (sub-)millimetre wavelengths, using blindly selected samples of low redshift sources, unaffected by cosmological evolution. This project, however, requires careful consideration of a variety of issues including the choice of the appropriate flux density measurement, the separation of dusty galaxies from radio sources and from Galactic sources, the correction for the CO emiss…
Differential Polarization Calibration: A Consistency Test for Cosmic Birefringence
Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校物理系）；Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California, San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校天文与天体物理系）
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Constraints on the anisotropic screening and birefringence effects with DR6
Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）；University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）；Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge（卡弗里宇宙学剑桥研究所）；CITA, University of Toronto（加拿大理论天体物理研究所，多伦多大学）；University of Southern California（南加州大学）；Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile（智利天主教 Pontificia 大学）；University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学）
We develop a method to constrain non-isotropic features of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization, of a type expected to arise in some models describing quantum gravity effects on light propagation. We describe the expected signatures of this kind of anomalous light propagation on CMB photons, showing that it will produce a non-isotropic birefringence effect, i.e. a rotation of the CMB polarization direction whose observed amount depends in a peculiar way on the observation direction. We also show that the sensitivity levels expected for CMB polarization studies by the \emph{Planck} sa…
Combining measurements taken using the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) from 2001 to 2008 with measurements taken using Planck from 2009 to 2010, we investigate the long-term flux density variability of extragalactic radio sources selected from the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue. The single-year, single-frequency WMAP maps are used to estimate yearly-averaged flux densities of the sources in the four WMAP bands: Ka (33 GHz), Q (41 GHz), V (61 GHz), and W (94 GHz). We identify 82, 67, 32, and 15 sources respectively as variable at greater than 99% confidence level in t…
This paper describes an improved mapmaking approach with respect to the one used for the Planck High Frequency Instrument 2018 Legacy release. The algorithm SRoll2 better corrects the known instrumental effects that still affected mostly the polarized large-angular-scale data by distorting the signal, and/or leaving residuals observable in null tests. The main systematic effect is the nonlinear response of the onboard analog-to-digital convertors that was cleaned in the Planck HFI Legacy release as an empirical time-varying linear detector chain response which is the first-order effect. The SR…
Recent measurements of Galactic polarized dust emission have found a nonzero $TB$ signal, a correlation between the total intensity and the $B$-mode polarization component. We present evidence that this parity-odd signal is driven by the relative geometry of the magnetic field and the filamentary interstellar medium in projection. Using neutral hydrogen morphology and Planck polarization data, we find that the angle between intensity structures and the plane-of-sky magnetic field orientation is predictive of the signs of Galactic $TB$ and $EB$. Our results suggest that magnetically misaligned …
