POLARBEAR Constraints on Cosmic Birefringence and Primordial Magnetic Fields
POLARBEAR Collaboration, Peter A. R. Ade, Kam Arnold, Matt Atlas, Carlo Baccigalupi, Darcy Barron, David Boettger, Julian Borrill, Scott Chapman, Yuji Chinone, … 展开作者
POLARBEAR Collaboration, Peter A. R. Ade, Kam Arnold, Matt Atlas, Carlo Baccigalupi, Darcy Barron, David Boettger, Julian Borrill, Scott Chapman, Yuji Chinone, Ari Cukierman, Matt Dobbs, Anne Ducout, Rolando Dunner, Tucker Elleflot, Josquin Errard, Giulio Fabbian, Stephen Feeney, Chang Feng, Adam Gilbert, Neil Goeckner-Wald, John Groh, Grantland Hall, Nils W. Halverson, Masaya Hasegawa, Kaori Hattori, Masashi Hazumi, Charles Hill, William L. Holzapfel, Yasuto Hori, Logan Howe, Yuki Inoue, Gregory C. Jaehnig, Andrew H. Jaffe, Oliver Jeong, Nobuhiko Katayama, Jonathan P. Kaufman, Brian Keating, Zigmund Kermish, Reijo Keskitalo, Theodore Kisner, Akito Kusaka, Maude Le Jeune, Adrian T. Lee, Erik M. Leitch, David Leon, Yun Li, Eric Linder, Lindsay Lowry, Frederick Matsuda, Tomotake Matsumura, Nathan Miller, Josh Montgomery, Michael J. Myers, Martin Navaroli, Haruki Nishino, Takahiro Okamura, Hans Paar, Julien Peloton, Levon Pogosian, Davide Poletti, Giuseppe Puglisi, Christopher Raum, Gabriel Rebeiz, Christian L. Reichardt, Paul L. Richards, Colin Ross, Kaja M. Rotermund, David E. Schenck, Blake D. Sherwin, Meir Shimon, Ian Shirley, Praween Siritanasak, Graeme Smecher, Nathan Stebor, Bryan Steinbach, Aritoki Suzuki, Jun-ichi Suzuki, Osamu Tajima, Satoru Takakura, Alexei Tikhomirov, Takayuki Tomaru, Nathan Whitehorn, Brandon Wilson, Amit Yadav, Alex Zahn, Oliver Zahn
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10 pages, 5 figures. Phys. Rev. D Editors' Suggestion
我们约束各向异性的宇宙双折射使用偶宇称$E$模式和奇宇称$B$模式的偏振在宇宙微波背景测量的背景辐射（POLARBEAR）实验在其第一个赛季的观测。我们发现，各向异性宇宙双折射信号从任何宇称破坏过程是一致的零。各向异性宇宙双折射产生的法拉第旋转可以与原始磁场产生的等效量进行比较，如果它们存在的话。POLARBEAR未检测转换为95%置信水平（C.L.）包括系统不确定性在内的等效原始磁场振幅的上限为93纳高斯（nG）。法拉第旋转的四点关联约束比普朗克在2015年测量的$B$模式的两点关联约束法拉第旋转的贡献所推断的上限1380 nG严格约15倍。起源于原始磁场的度量扰动也会对$B$模功率谱有贡献。使用POLARBEAR测量的$B$模式功率谱（两点相关），我们设定了95% C. L.假设场振幅的平坦先验，原始磁场的上限为3.9 nG。这个极限与普朗克2015年两点相关分析中发现的温度和极化的极限相当。我们进行了一组系统误差测试，没有发现污染的证据。这项工作标志着各向异性的宇宙双折射或原始磁场第一次被限制在亚度尺度的地面。
英文摘要：
We constrain anisotropic cosmic birefringence using four-point correlations of even-parity $E$-mode and odd-parity $B$-mode polarization in the cosmic microwave background measurements made by the POLARization of the Background Radiation (POLARBEAR) experiment in its first season of observations. We find that the anisotropic cosmic birefringence signal from any parity-violating processes is consistent with zero. The Faraday rotation from anisotropic cosmic birefringence can be compared with the equivalent quantity generated by primordial magnetic fields if they existed. The POLARBEAR nondetection translates into a 95% confidence level (C.L.) upper limit of 93 nanogauss (nG) on the amplitude of an equivalent primordial magnetic field inclusive of systematic uncertainties. This four-point correlation constraint on Faraday rotation is about 15 times tighter than the upper limit of 1380 nG inferred from constraining the contribution of Faraday rotation to two-point correlations of $B$-modes measured by Planck in 2015. Metric perturbations sourced by primordial magnetic fields would also contribute to the $B$-mode power spectrum. Using the POLARBEAR measurements of the $B$-mode power spectrum (two-point correlation), we set a 95% C.L. upper limit of 3.9 nG on primordial magnetic fields assuming a flat prior on the field amplitude. This limit is comparable to what was found in the Planck 2015 two-point correlation analysis with both temperature and polarization. We perform a set of systematic error tests and find no evidence for contamination. This work marks the first time that anisotropic cosmic birefringence or primordial magnetic fields have been constrained from the ground at subdegree scales.
Wading the String Bog: CMB Birefringence in the Swampland
University of Parma（帕尔马大学）；INFN Gruppo Collegato di Parma（意大利国家核物理研究所帕尔马联合小组）；University of California, Davis（加州大学戴维斯分校）；Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY（德国电子同步加速器）
Calibration of CMB Polarisation Using Cross-Experiment Correlations
Laboratory for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology, King’s College London（伦敦国王学院理论粒子物理与宇宙学实验室）；Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Princeton University（普林斯顿大学约瑟夫·亨利物理实验室）
