BICEP/Keck XVII：视线畸变分析：引力透镜、各向异性宇宙双折射、斑块状再电离及系统误差的估计
BICEP / Keck XVII: Line of Sight Distortion Analysis: Estimates of Gravitational Lensing, Anisotropic Cosmic Birefringence, Patchy Reionization, and Systematic Errors
AI总结：
本研究利用BICEP2、BICEP3和Keck Array截至2018年的95/150 GHz数据估计视线畸变场，约束引力透镜、偏振旋转、原初磁场与斑块状再电离，并验证仪器系统误差可控。
摘要：
我们给出了由BICEP2、BICEP3和Keck Array截至2018观测季所获取的95 GHz和150 GHz数据推导出的视线畸变场估计，由此得到宇宙学约束，并研究了仪器和天体物理系统误差。宇宙学约束来自三个畸变场，分别涉及大尺度结构产生的引力透镜、磁场或类轴子场导致的偏振旋转，以及斑块状再电离的屏蔽效应。我们测得透镜功率谱振幅为$A_L^{ϕϕ}=0.95 \pm 0.20$。我们对偏振旋转给出约束，将其表示为Chern–Simons电磁项的耦合常数：$g_{aγ} \leq 2.6 \times 10^{-2}/H_I$，其中$H_I$是暴胀时期的哈勃参数；同时在95 GHz下，对在1 Mpc尺度上平滑的原初磁场振幅给出$B_{1\text{Mpc}} \leq 6.6 \\;\text{nG}$的约束。我们在一个简单的斑块状再电离“褶皱表面”模型中约束光深涨落的均方根，在相干尺度$L_c=100$时得到$A^τ<0.19$（$2\sigma$）。我们表明，95 GHz和150 GHz偏振图中的所有畸变场均与包含透镜化$\Lambda$CDM、尘埃和噪声的模拟相一致，没有证据表明存在仪器系统误差。在某些情况下，本文提出的EB和TB二次估计量在识别和剔除可能由仪器效应产生的虚假B模方面，比我们以往基于图的零检验更敏感。最后，我们验证了BICEP/Keck数据处理中的标准去投影滤波能够有效消除温度到偏振的泄漏。
英文摘要：
We present estimates of line-of-sight distortion fields derived from the 95 GHz and 150 GHz data taken by BICEP2, BICEP3, and Keck Array up to the 2018 observing season, leading to cosmological constraints and a study of instrumental and astrophysical systematics. Cosmological constraints are derived from three of the distortion fields concerning gravitational lensing from large-scale structure, polarization rotation from magnetic fields or an axion-like field, and the screening effect of patchy reionization. We measure an amplitude of the lensing power spectrum $A_L^{ϕϕ}=0.95 \pm 0.20$. We constrain polarization rotation, expressed as the coupling constant of a Chern-Simons electromagnetic term $g_{aγ} \leq 2.6 \times 10^{-2}/H_I$, where $H_I$ is the inflationary Hubble parameter, and an amplitude of primordial magnetic fields smoothed over 1 Mpc $B_{1\text{Mpc}} \leq 6.6 \;\text{nG}$ at 95 GHz. We constrain the root mean square of optical-depth fluctuations in a simple "crinkly surface" model of patchy reionization, finding $A^τ<0.19$ ($2σ$) for the coherence scale of $L_c=100$. We show that all of the distortion fields of the 95 GHz and 150 GHz polarization maps are consistent with simulations including lensed-$Λ$CDM, dust, and noise, with no evidence for instrumental systematics. In some cases, the EB and TB quadratic estimators presented here are more sensitive than our previous map-based null tests at identifying and rejecting spurious B-modes that might arise from instrumental effects. Finally, we verify that the standard deprojection filtering in the BICEP/Keck data processing is effective at removing temperature to polarization leakage.
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