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arXiv 1904.07855astro-ph.COhep-ph
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宇宙双折射的未来CMB约束和基础物理学的意义

Future CMB constraints on cosmic birefringence and implications for fundamental physics

Levon Pogosian, Meir Shimon, Matthew Mewes, Brian Keating

备注：
14 pages, 1 figure, 5 tables; minor corrections in V2, matches the version published in PRD
发表信息：
Phys. Rev. D 100, 023507 (2019)
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摘要：

目前正在建造和提出的CMB偏振实验的主要科学目标是探测原始张量扰动。作为副产品，这些仪器将显着改善对宇宙双折射的约束，或CMB偏振平面的旋转。如果被令人信服地发现，宇宙双折射将是粒子物理学和宇宙学标准模型之外的物理学的戏剧性表现。我们预测了即将到来的地面西蒙斯天文台（SO）和天基LiteBIRD实验，以及“第四代”地面CMB实验（如CMB-S4和中等成本的空间任务PICO）的宇宙偏振旋转（CPR）的界限。我们研究的可检测性的随机各向异性旋转场和各向同性旋转由一个恒定的角度。CPR诱导新的相关性的CMB观测，包括宇称奇型的各向同性CPR的情况下，和模式耦合的各向异性旋转的情况下的相关性。我们发现，LiteBIRD和SO将使各向同性CPR上的1 $σ$结合从当前值30 arcmin分别减少到1.5和0.6 arcmin，而CMB-S4-like和PICO将使其减少到$\sim 0.1$ arcmin。尺度不变CPR谱的幅度上的界限将分别通过LiteBIRD、SO和CMB-S4-like/PICO减小1、2和3个数量级。我们讨论了预测CPR边界的赝标量场，原始磁场（PMF），违反洛伦兹不变性的影响。我们发现CMB-S4-like和PICO可以将标度不变PMF振幅上的1 $σ$束缚从1 nG降低到0.1 nG，同时还探测了银河系的磁场。它们也将显著改善轴子-光子耦合的边界，对弦论轴子施加严格的限制。

英文摘要：

The primary scientific target of the CMB polarization experiments that are currently being built and proposed is the detection of primordial tensor perturbations. As a byproduct, these instruments will significantly improve constraints on cosmic birefringence, or the rotation of the CMB polarization plane. If convincingly detected, cosmic birefringence would be a dramatic manifestation of physics beyond the standard models of particle physics and cosmology. We forecast the bounds on the cosmic polarization rotation (CPR) from the upcoming ground-based Simons Observatory (SO) and the space-based LiteBIRD experiments, as well as a "fourth generation" ground-based CMB experiment like CMB-S4 and the mid-cost space mission PICO. We examine the detectability of both a stochastic anisotropic rotation field and an isotropic rotation by a constant angle. CPR induces new correlations of CMB observables, including spectra of parity-odd type in the case of isotropic CPR, and mode-coupling correlations in the anisotropic rotation case. We find that LiteBIRD and SO will reduce the 1$σ$ bound on the isotropic CPR from the current value of 30 arcmin to 1.5 and 0.6 arcmin, respectively, while CMB-S4-like and PICO will reduce it to $\sim 0.1$ arcmin. The bounds on the amplitude of a scale-invariant CPR spectrum will be reduced by 1, 2 and 3 orders of magnitude by LiteBIRD, SO and CMB-S4-like/PICO, respectively. We discuss implications of the forecasted CPR bounds for pseudoscalar fields, primordial magnetic fields (PMF), and violations of Lorentz invariance. We find that CMB-S4-like and PICO can reduce the 1$σ$ bound on the amplitude of the scale-invariant PMF from 1 nG to 0.1 nG, while also probing the magnetic field of the Milky Way. They will also significantly improve bounds on the axion-photon coupling, placing stringent constraints on the string theory axions.

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