发表机构
Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego; Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California, San Diego（加州大学圣地亚哥分校物理系; 加州大学圣地亚哥分校天文与天体物理系）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出一种对双折射盲的差分偏振校准估计器，作为MK方法推断宇宙双折射的一致性检验，应用于Planck数据验证校准模式，增强结果可信度。
AI 中文摘要
宇宙微波背景双折射角 $\beta$ 与仪器公共偏振角偏移完全简并。Minami--Komatsu (MK) 似然利用银河系前景偏振分离这些量，因此其推断的探测器角度值得进行一项不重用前景-$EB$ 模型的诊断。我们利用反对称和对称交叉谱开发了一种对双折射盲的差分估计器，并首次将其作为前景辅助双折射分析的显式一致性检验。对于一对图，公共旋转完全抵消，估计器测量 $\Delta\alpha_{ij}=\alpha_i-\alpha_j$；在规范固定网络中组合所有对，可重建可观测的探测器相关校准模式。应用于八张 Planck NPIPE 探测器组图时，差分重建与 MK 模式一致，七自由度给出 $\chi^2=8.18$（PTE=0.32），所有共享数据残差低于 $1.8\sigma$。由于两种重建使用相同的图，这是独立的估计器和建模途径，而非独立数据确认。因此，这一一致性增强了人们对 MK 推断的 $\beta$ 校准基础的信心，但并未提供对其独立的绝对测量。条件共模重建给出 $\beta=0.37\pm0.12^\circ$。差分检验利用现有数据，可作为未来基于 $EB$ 的双折射分析的验证层。
英文摘要
The cosmic microwave background birefringence angle $β$ is exactly degenerate with a common instrumental polarization-angle offset. The Minami--Komatsu(MK) likelihood separates these quantities using Galactic foreground polarization, so its inferred detector angles merit a diagnostic that does not reuse the foreground-$EB$ model. We develop a birefringence-blind differential estimator from antisymmetric and symmetric cross-spectra and apply it for the first time as an explicit consistency test of a foreground-assisted birefringence analysis. For a map pair, the common rotation cancels identically and the estimator measures $Δα_{ij}=α_i-α_j$; combining all pairs in a gauge-fixed network reconstructs the observable detector-dependent calibration pattern. Applied to eight Planck NPIPE detector-set maps, the differential reconstruction agrees with the MK pattern, giving $χ^2=8.18$ for seven degrees of freedom (PTE=0.32), with all shared-data residuals below $1.8σ$. Because both reconstructions use the same maps, this is an independent estimator and modeling route rather than an independent-data confirmation. The agreement therefore strengthens confidence in the calibration foundation of the MK-inferred $β$ without providing an independent absolute measurement of it. A conditional common-mode reconstruction gives $β=0.37\pm0.12^\circ$. The differential test uses existing data and can serve as a validation layer for future $EB$-based birefringence analyses.
Comments7 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Journal refAstrophys. J. Lett. 1009, L12 (2026)
