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arXiv 2110.03219quant-ph
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有限维系统的量子测量理论

Quantum Measurement Theory for Systems with Finite Dimensional State Spaces

Masanao Ozawa

摘要:

在本文中,我们提出了一个有限量子测量的一般理论,我们假设被测系统的状态空间是一个有限维的希尔伯特空间和测量的可能结果是一个有限的实数集。我们从量子力学的基本假设和一般量子测量的几个合理的公理出发,以演绎的方式发展这个理论。我们导出了所有物理上可实现的有限量子测量的公理化刻画。描述测量统计所需的数学工具,如POVM和量子仪器,在一开始并没有假设,但我们将它们作为公理的自然结果引入。我们的目标是表明,这些数学工具可以自然地从明显的理论要求。

英文摘要:

In this paper, we present a general theory of finite quantum measurements, for which we assume that the state space of the measured system is a finite dimensional Hilbert space and that the possible outcomes of a measurement is a finite set of real numbers. We develop the theory in a deductive manner from the basic postulates for quantum mechanics and a few plausible axioms for general quantum measurements. We derive an axiomatic characterization of all the physically realizable finite quantum measurements. Mathematical tools necessary to describe measurement statistics, such as POVMs and quantum instruments, are not assumed at the outset, but we introduce them as natural consequences of our axioms. Our objective is to show that those mathematical tools can be naturally derived from obvious theoretical requirements.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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