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arXiv 2108.08161astro-ph.HE
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带电黑洞与Blandford-Znajek机制

Electrically-charged black holes and the Blandford-Znajek mechanism

Serguei S. Komissarov

摘要:

最近,有人声称,由在对齐的外部磁场中旋转的黑洞吸积电荷导致“死”真空磁层,其中电场被完全屏蔽,不可能发生真空击穿,并且Blandford-Znajek机制不能操作King & Pringle(2021)。本文详细研究了Wald(1974)关于带电黑洞解的性质。我们的结果表明,这种说法是错误的,因为在具有临界电荷$q_0=2aB_0$的解中,除了与对称轴重合的一条线外,沿所有磁场线都存在静电势的下降。我们还发现,当不带电的旋转黑洞将外部真空磁场从它们的事件视界中排出(迈斯纳效应)时,黑洞的带电将磁场线拉回到它上面,类似于在以前的一些无力,RMHD和PIC模拟黑洞磁层中观察到的情况。这表明电荷的吸积可能确实是黑洞电动力学的一个特征。然而,我们的分析表明,由Wald给出的BH电荷的值$q_0$可能只是一个上限,实际值取决于磁层物理的细节。

英文摘要:

Recently, it was claimed that accretion of electric charge by a black hole rotating in an aligned external magnetic field results in a "dead" vacuum magnetosphere, where the electric field is totally screened, no vacuum breakdown is possible, and the Blandford-Znajek mechanism cannot operate King & Pringle (2021). Here we study in details the properties of the Wald(1974) solution for electrically charged black holes discussed in that paper. Our results show that the claim is erroneous as in the solution with the critical charge $q_0=2aB_0$ there exists a drop of electrostatic potential along all magnetic field lines except the one coinciding with the symmetry axis. It is also found that while uncharged rotating black holes expel external vacuum magnetic field from their event horizon (the Meissner effect), electric charging of black holes pulls the magnetic field lines back on it, resembling what has been observed in some previous force-free, RMHD and PIC simulations of black hole magnetospheres. This suggests that accretion of electric charge may indeed be a feature of the black hole electrodynamics. However, our analysis shows that the value $q_0$ of the BH charge given by Wald is likely to be only an upper limit, and that the actual value depends of the details of the magnetospheric physics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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