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arXiv 1307.4752astro-ph.HE
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Blandford-Znajek喷流的广义相对论磁流体动力学模拟及膜模型

General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Blandford-Znajek Jets and the Membrane Paradigm

Robert F. Penna, Ramesh Narayan, Aleksander Sadowski

摘要:

最近的观测表明,星系X射线双星中喷流功率与黑洞自旋的标度关系与Blandford-Znajek(BZ)喷流模型的预言是一致的。这些观测结果促使我们利用广义相对论磁流体动力学方法对吸积(h/r ~ 0.3)、自旋(0 < a_* < 0.98)黑洞的磁化喷流进行模拟,重新审视BZ模型。我们有三个主要结果。首先,我们量化的BZ喷流功率和我们的模拟之间的差异:假设最大效率和均匀的领域在地平线上导致一个约10%的高估喷流功率,而忽略吸积盘导致进一步的约50%高估。简单地将标准BZ喷气动力预测降低60%,就能很好地拟合我们的模拟数据。我们的第二个结果是表明,膜配方的BZ模型正确地描述了物理基础模拟射流:扭矩,耗散和电磁场的地平线上。这为黑洞的能量提取过程提供了直观而严谨的图片。第三,我们计算了负载区域的有效电阻,并表明负载和黑洞实现了近乎完美的阻抗匹配。总之,这些结果增加了我们对BZ模型作为天体物理学黑洞观测到的喷流的正确描述的信心。

英文摘要:

Recently it has been observed that the scaling of jet power with black hole spin in galactic X-ray binaries is consistent with the predictions of the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) jet model. These observations motivate us to revisit the BZ model using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of magnetized jets from accreting (h/r ~ 0.3), spinning (0 < a_* < 0.98) black holes. We have three main results. First, we quantify the discrepancies between the BZ jet power and our simulations: assuming maximum efficiency and uniform fields on the horizon leads to a ~10% overestimate of jet power, while ignoring the accretion disk leads to a further ~50% overestimate. Simply reducing the standard BZ jet power prediction by 60% gives a good fit to our simulation data. Our second result is to show that the membrane formulation of the BZ model correctly describes the physics underlying simulated jets: torques, dissipation, and electromagnetic fields on the horizon. This provides intuitive yet rigorous pictures for the black hole energy extraction process. Third, we compute the effective resistance of the load region and show that the load and the black hole achieve near perfect impedance matching. Taken together, these results increase our confidence in the BZ model as the correct description of jets observed from astrophysical black holes.

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